{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-citation-styles",
 "id": "tp-citation-styles",
 "title": "Citation Styles and Research Writing",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Research Writing",
 "levels": [
  "9-12",
  "college"
 ],
 "description": "How MLA, APA and Chicago work, plus the vocabulary of citing sources.",
 "tags": [
  "citation",
  "mla",
  "apa",
  "chicago",
  "writing"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Citation",
   "A reference to the source of information or ideas you use"
  ],
  [
   "Bibliography",
   "A list of sources consulted for a work"
  ],
  [
   "Annotated bibliography",
   "A source list with a short summary and evaluation of each entry"
  ],
  [
   "Works Cited",
   "MLA's list of sources actually cited"
  ],
  [
   "References",
   "APA's list of sources cited"
  ],
  [
   "In-text citation",
   "A brief reference inside the text pointing to the full source"
  ],
  [
   "Footnote",
   "A note at the bottom of the page giving a source or comment"
  ],
  [
   "Endnote",
   "A note collected at the end of a chapter or paper"
  ],
  [
   "MLA",
   "Modern Language Association style, common in the humanities"
  ],
  [
   "APA",
   "American Psychological Association style, common in social sciences"
  ],
  [
   "Chicago style",
   "Style with notes-bibliography and author-date forms, common in history"
  ],
  [
   "Turabian",
   "A student version of Chicago style"
  ],
  [
   "IEEE style",
   "Numbered citation style used in engineering and computing"
  ],
  [
   "AMA style",
   "American Medical Association style, used in medicine"
  ],
  [
   "MLA in-text format",
   "Author's last name and page number, like (Smith 45)"
  ],
  [
   "APA in-text format",
   "Author's last name and year, like (Smith, 2020)"
  ],
  [
   "Chicago notes format",
   "A superscript number linking to a footnote"
  ],
  [
   "Hanging indent",
   "Reference entries where the first line is flush left and later lines are indented"
  ],
  [
   "Alphabetical order",
   "Reference lists are usually sorted by author's last name"
  ],
  [
   "Title case",
   "Capitalizing major words in a title"
  ],
  [
   "Sentence case",
   "Capitalizing only the first word and proper nouns in a title"
  ],
  [
   "Italicize book titles",
   "Long works such as books and journals are italicized"
  ],
  [
   "Quotation marks for articles",
   "Short works such as articles and poems go in quotation marks"
  ],
  [
   "DOI",
   "Digital object identifier, a stable link to a scholarly work"
  ],
  [
   "URL",
   "The web address of an online source"
  ],
  [
   "Access date",
   "Date you viewed an online source, used where required"
  ],
  [
   "Et al.",
   "Latin for 'and others', used for works with many authors"
  ],
  [
   "Ibid.",
   "Latin for 'in the same place', used in some note styles"
  ],
  [
   "Direct quotation",
   "Using an author's exact words, in quotation marks"
  ],
  [
   "Paraphrase",
   "Restating an idea in your own words, still with a citation"
  ],
  [
   "Summary",
   "A shorter version of the main points of a source, with a citation"
  ],
  [
   "Block quotation",
   "A long quote set apart in an indented block"
  ],
  [
   "Ellipsis",
   "Three dots showing omitted words in a quotation"
  ],
  [
   "Brackets in quotations",
   "Used to add or change words within a quote"
  ],
  [
   "Plagiarism",
   "Using someone else's words or ideas without credit"
  ],
  [
   "Common knowledge",
   "Widely known facts that usually need no citation"
  ],
  [
   "Primary source",
   "Original evidence from the time, like a letter or data"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary source",
   "Analysis or interpretation of primary sources"
  ],
  [
   "Tertiary source",
   "A summary of other sources, like an encyclopedia"
  ],
  [
   "Scholarly source",
   "Work written by experts and reviewed by peers"
  ],
  [
   "Peer review",
   "Evaluation of a work by other experts before publication"
  ],
  [
   "Credibility",
   "How trustworthy a source is"
  ],
  [
   "CRAAP test",
   "Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose: a checklist for sources"
  ],
  [
   "Thesis statement",
   "A sentence stating the main argument of a paper"
  ],
  [
   "Abstract",
   "A short summary of a paper"
  ],
  [
   "Literature review",
   "A survey of existing research on a topic"
  ],
  [
   "Research question",
   "The question a paper sets out to answer"
  ],
  [
   "Annotation",
   "A note explaining or commenting on a source"
  ],
  [
   "Database",
   "An organized collection of articles and records"
  ],
  [
   "Keyword search",
   "Searching by important words"
  ],
  [
   "Boolean operators",
   "AND, OR and NOT used to combine search terms"
  ],
  [
   "Citation generator",
   "A tool that formats citations; always check the results"
  ],
  [
   "MLA 9 core elements",
   "Author, title, container, contributors, version, number, publisher, date, location"
  ],
  [
   "Container (MLA)",
   "The larger work holding a source, like a journal or website"
  ],
  [
   "APA 7 title page",
   "Title, author, affiliation, course, instructor and date"
  ],
  [
   "Running head",
   "A shortened title at the top of pages"
  ],
  [
   "Header",
   "Text at the top of each page, often a name and page number"
  ],
  [
   "Double spacing",
   "Standard line spacing in academic papers"
  ],
  [
   "Font choices",
   "Commonly 12-point Times New Roman or similar readable fonts"
  ],
  [
   "Margins",
   "Typically one inch on all sides"
  ],
  [
   "Page numbers",
   "Placed in the header in most styles"
  ],
  [
   "Appendix",
   "Extra material placed at the end of a paper"
  ],
  [
   "Parenthetical citation",
   "A citation in parentheses"
  ],
  [
   "Signal phrase",
   "Words introducing a quotation, like 'According to Smith'"
  ],
  [
   "Attribution",
   "Giving credit to the source of a statement"
  ],
  [
   "Fair use",
   "Limited use of copyrighted material for purposes like education"
  ],
  [
   "Copyright",
   "Legal protection of an author's original work"
  ],
  [
   "Public domain",
   "Works no longer under copyright"
  ],
  [
   "Creative Commons",
   "Licenses allowing sharing under stated conditions"
  ],
  [
   "Ghostwriting",
   "Having someone else write work you present as yours"
  ],
  [
   "Self-plagiarism",
   "Reusing your own previous work without disclosure"
  ],
  [
   "Patchwriting",
   "Altering a source's words only slightly, which is still plagiarism"
  ],
  [
   "Works Consulted",
   "Sources used for background but not cited"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary citation",
   "Citing a source you read about in another source, noted as 'as cited in'"
  ],
  [
   "Anonymous author",
   "Begin the entry with the title when no author is listed"
  ],
  [
   "Corporate author",
   "An organization listed as the author"
  ],
  [
   "Edition",
   "A particular published version of a book"
  ],
  [
   "Volume",
   "One book in a multi-part work or journal year"
  ],
  [
   "Issue",
   "One numbered release of a journal"
  ],
  [
   "Pagination",
   "Page numbers of a work"
  ],
  [
   "Publisher",
   "The company that makes a work public"
  ]
 ]
}