{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-emt-basics",
 "id": "tp-emt-basics",
 "title": "EMT and First Responder Basics",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Emergency Medical Services",
 "levels": [
  "9-12",
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Core emergency care vocabulary and concepts. Education only; take a certified course to learn real skills.",
 "tags": [
  "emt",
  "first-aid",
  "emergency"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "EMT",
   "Emergency medical technician, a trained emergency care provider"
  ],
  [
   "Scene size-up",
   "Checking for safety and hazards before helping"
  ],
  [
   "Scene safety",
   "Making sure the area is safe for rescuers first"
  ],
  [
   "Body substance isolation",
   "Using protective gear to avoid contact with body fluids"
  ],
  [
   "Primary assessment",
   "Quick check for life threats"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary assessment",
   "More detailed head-to-toe check after life threats are handled"
  ],
  [
   "ABCs",
   "Airway, breathing, circulation"
  ],
  [
   "Level of consciousness",
   "How alert a patient is"
  ],
  [
   "AVPU",
   "Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive"
  ],
  [
   "SAMPLE history",
   "Signs/symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past history, Last meal, Events"
  ],
  [
   "OPQRST",
   "Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time: a pain questioning guide"
  ],
  [
   "Chief complaint",
   "The main reason the patient needs help"
  ],
  [
   "Mechanism of injury",
   "How the injury happened"
  ],
  [
   "Nature of illness",
   "What is medically wrong"
  ],
  [
   "Triage",
   "Sorting patients by urgency"
  ],
  [
   "Airway",
   "The path air takes to the lungs"
  ],
  [
   "Head-tilt, chin-lift",
   "Method to open the airway when no spinal injury is suspected"
  ],
  [
   "Jaw thrust",
   "Method to open the airway while limiting neck movement"
  ],
  [
   "Oropharyngeal airway",
   "Curved device that keeps the tongue from blocking the airway"
  ],
  [
   "Suction",
   "Removing fluid or material from the airway"
  ],
  [
   "Respiratory arrest",
   "Breathing has stopped"
  ],
  [
   "Cardiac arrest",
   "The heart has stopped pumping effectively"
  ],
  [
   "CPR",
   "Chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep blood flowing"
  ],
  [
   "Compression rate",
   "About 100 to 120 compressions per minute for adults"
  ],
  [
   "Compression depth",
   "About 2 inches (5 cm) in adults"
  ],
  [
   "AED",
   "Device that checks heart rhythm and can deliver a shock"
  ],
  [
   "Defibrillation",
   "An electric shock that can reset a dangerous heart rhythm"
  ],
  [
   "Choking",
   "Blockage of the airway by an object"
  ],
  [
   "Abdominal thrusts",
   "Technique to clear an object from a choking adult"
  ],
  [
   "Bleeding control",
   "Direct pressure, then tourniquet if needed"
  ],
  [
   "Direct pressure",
   "Pressing on a wound to stop bleeding"
  ],
  [
   "Tourniquet",
   "Band applied above a limb wound to stop severe bleeding"
  ],
  [
   "Shock",
   "Inadequate blood flow to the body's tissues"
  ],
  [
   "Signs of shock",
   "Pale, cool, clammy skin, fast pulse, confusion"
  ],
  [
   "Hemorrhage",
   "Heavy bleeding"
  ],
  [
   "Fracture",
   "A broken bone"
  ],
  [
   "Splint",
   "Device to keep an injured limb still"
  ],
  [
   "Spinal immobilization",
   "Keeping the neck and back still after suspected spinal injury"
  ],
  [
   "Cervical collar",
   "Neck brace limiting head movement"
  ],
  [
   "Backboard",
   "Rigid board used to move patients with possible spine injury"
  ],
  [
   "Burn: first degree",
   "Affects only the outer skin layer; red and painful"
  ],
  [
   "Burn: second degree",
   "Blisters; affects deeper layers"
  ],
  [
   "Burn: third degree",
   "Destroys full skin thickness"
  ],
  [
   "Heat exhaustion",
   "Heavy sweating, weakness, nausea from overheating"
  ],
  [
   "Heat stroke",
   "Dangerous overheating; a life-threatening emergency"
  ],
  [
   "Hypothermia",
   "Dangerously low body temperature"
  ],
  [
   "Frostbite",
   "Freezing of body tissue"
  ],
  [
   "Stroke signs (FAST)",
   "Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech trouble, Time to call emergency services"
  ],
  [
   "Heart attack signs",
   "Chest pressure, shortness of breath, sweating, pain spreading to arm or jaw"
  ],
  [
   "Seizure",
   "Sudden uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain"
  ],
  [
   "Diabetic emergency",
   "Dangerously high or low blood sugar"
  ],
  [
   "Anaphylaxis",
   "Severe allergic reaction"
  ],
  [
   "Epinephrine auto-injector",
   "Device delivering epinephrine for severe allergic reactions"
  ],
  [
   "Asthma",
   "Chronic condition with airway narrowing"
  ],
  [
   "Overdose",
   "Taking too much of a substance, causing harm"
  ],
  [
   "Poison control",
   "Service giving advice on poisoning exposures"
  ],
  [
   "Childbirth emergency",
   "Delivery occurring outside a hospital"
  ],
  [
   "Pediatric assessment triangle",
   "Appearance, work of breathing, circulation to skin"
  ],
  [
   "Infant CPR",
   "Uses two fingers or encircling hands for compressions"
  ],
  [
   "Head injury",
   "Trauma to the head that may affect the brain"
  ],
  [
   "Concussion",
   "Mild brain injury caused by a blow or shake"
  ],
  [
   "Pulse points",
   "Places to feel a pulse, like carotid, radial and brachial"
  ],
  [
   "Capillary refill",
   "Time for color to return to a pressed nail bed"
  ],
  [
   "Pupils: PERRL",
   "Pupils equal, round, reactive to light"
  ],
  [
   "Glasgow Coma Scale",
   "Score of eye, verbal and motor responses"
  ],
  [
   "Trauma",
   "Physical injury"
  ],
  [
   "Golden hour",
   "The idea that quick trauma care improves outcomes"
  ],
  [
   "Medical direction",
   "Physician oversight of EMS care"
  ],
  [
   "Protocol",
   "Written guideline for treatment"
  ],
  [
   "Scope of practice",
   "Care an EMT is allowed to provide"
  ],
  [
   "Implied consent",
   "Assuming an unconscious patient would accept lifesaving help"
  ],
  [
   "Good Samaritan law",
   "Protects people who help in good faith in an emergency"
  ],
  [
   "Duty to act",
   "Legal obligation to help, depending on role and setting"
  ],
  [
   "Abandonment",
   "Leaving a patient without proper handoff"
  ],
  [
   "Patient confidentiality",
   "Keeping patient information private"
  ],
  [
   "Patient report",
   "Written record of the call"
  ],
  [
   "Handoff report",
   "Verbal summary given to hospital staff"
  ],
  [
   "Ambulance",
   "Vehicle that provides emergency transport and care"
  ],
  [
   "Lights and sirens",
   "Warning signals used when speed is critical"
  ],
  [
   "Hazardous materials",
   "Dangerous substances requiring special response"
  ],
  [
   "Incident command",
   "System for organizing large emergency responses"
  ],
  [
   "Mass casualty incident",
   "Event with many injured people"
  ],
  [
   "START triage",
   "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment sorting method"
  ],
  [
   "Extrication",
   "Removing a person from a trapped situation"
  ],
  [
   "Stabilize",
   "Keep a patient's condition from getting worse"
  ],
  [
   "Recovery position",
   "Side-lying position to keep the airway clear"
  ],
  [
   "Oxygen therapy",
   "Giving extra oxygen"
  ],
  [
   "Non-rebreather mask",
   "Mask giving high-concentration oxygen"
  ],
  [
   "Bag-valve mask",
   "Hand-squeezed device that delivers breaths"
  ],
  [
   "Pulse oximetry",
   "Noninvasive oxygen saturation measure"
  ]
 ]
}