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Homeostasis	Keeping the body's internal conditions stable		tp-med-body-systems
Integumentary system	Skin, hair, nails and glands		tp-med-body-systems
Epidermis	Outer layer of skin		tp-med-body-systems
Dermis	Layer of skin with blood vessels, nerves and glands		tp-med-body-systems
Hypodermis	Fatty layer beneath the skin		tp-med-body-systems
Melanin	Pigment that gives skin its color and absorbs UV		tp-med-body-systems
Sebaceous gland	Gland that makes oil (sebum)		tp-med-body-systems
Sudoriferous gland	Sweat gland		tp-med-body-systems
Keratin	Tough protein in skin, hair and nails		tp-med-body-systems
Skeletal system	Bones, cartilage and joints		tp-med-body-systems
Osteocyte	Mature bone cell		tp-med-body-systems
Compact bone	Dense outer bone layer		tp-med-body-systems
Spongy bone	Porous inner bone containing marrow		tp-med-body-systems
Red bone marrow	Tissue that makes blood cells		tp-med-body-systems
Ligament	Tissue connecting bone to bone		tp-med-body-systems
Tendon	Tissue connecting muscle to bone		tp-med-body-systems
Cartilage	Flexible connective tissue cushioning joints		tp-med-body-systems
Synovial joint	Freely movable joint with fluid-filled cavity		tp-med-body-systems
Muscular system	Muscles that produce movement		tp-med-body-systems
Skeletal muscle	Voluntary striated muscle attached to bones		tp-med-body-systems
Smooth muscle	Involuntary muscle in walls of organs		tp-med-body-systems
Cardiac muscle	Involuntary striated muscle of the heart		tp-med-body-systems
Sarcomere	Basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber		tp-med-body-systems
Actin and myosin	Protein filaments that slide past each other to contract muscle		tp-med-body-systems
Nervous system	Brain, spinal cord and nerves		tp-med-body-systems
Neuron	Nerve cell		tp-med-body-systems
Synapse	Junction where neurons communicate		tp-med-body-systems
Cerebrum	Largest part of the brain; thinking and voluntary action		tp-med-body-systems
Cerebellum	Brain part that coordinates balance and movement		tp-med-body-systems
Brainstem	Controls breathing, heart rate and basic life functions		tp-med-body-systems
Autonomic nervous system	Controls involuntary actions		tp-med-body-systems
Reflex arc	Quick automatic pathway from stimulus to response		tp-med-body-systems
Myelin	Fatty coating that speeds nerve signals		tp-med-body-systems
Endocrine system	Glands that release hormones into the blood		tp-med-body-systems
Hormone	A chemical messenger		tp-med-body-systems
Pituitary gland	Master gland controlling other glands		tp-med-body-systems
Thyroid gland	Controls metabolism		tp-med-body-systems
Pancreas	Makes insulin and digestive enzymes		tp-med-body-systems
Insulin	Hormone that lowers blood glucose		tp-med-body-systems
Adrenal gland	Makes hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol		tp-med-body-systems
Cardiovascular system	Heart and blood vessels		tp-med-body-systems
Atrium	Upper heart chamber that receives blood		tp-med-body-systems
Ventricle	Lower heart chamber that pumps blood out		tp-med-body-systems
Artery	Vessel carrying blood away from the heart		tp-med-body-systems
Vein	Vessel carrying blood toward the heart		tp-med-body-systems
Capillary	Tiny vessel where exchange occurs		tp-med-body-systems
Systolic pressure	Pressure when the heart contracts		tp-med-body-systems
Diastolic pressure	Pressure when the heart relaxes		tp-med-body-systems
Erythrocyte	Red blood cell; carries oxygen		tp-med-body-systems
Leukocyte	White blood cell; fights infection		tp-med-body-systems
Thrombocyte	Platelet; helps blood clot		tp-med-body-systems
Hemoglobin	Iron-containing protein that carries oxygen		tp-med-body-systems
Plasma	Liquid part of blood		tp-med-body-systems
Lymphatic system	Vessels and organs that drain fluid and defend against disease		tp-med-body-systems
Lymph node	Small organ that filters lymph		tp-med-body-systems
Spleen	Organ that filters blood and stores platelets		tp-med-body-systems
Thymus	Organ where T cells mature		tp-med-body-systems
Immune system	Cells and tissues that defend against pathogens		tp-med-body-systems
Antibody	Protein that recognizes and binds to an antigen		tp-med-body-systems
Antigen	A substance that triggers an immune response		tp-med-body-systems
Respiratory system	Organs for gas exchange		tp-med-body-systems
Alveoli	Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged		tp-med-body-systems
Diaphragm	Muscle under the lungs that drives breathing		tp-med-body-systems
Trachea	Windpipe		tp-med-body-systems
Bronchi	Two main airways into the lungs		tp-med-body-systems
Larynx	Voice box		tp-med-body-systems
Digestive system	Organs that break down food and absorb nutrients		tp-med-body-systems
Esophagus	Tube from throat to stomach		tp-med-body-systems
Peristalsis	Wave-like muscle contractions moving food		tp-med-body-systems
Stomach	Organ that churns food with acid and enzymes		tp-med-body-systems
Small intestine	Main site of nutrient absorption		tp-med-body-systems
Large intestine	Absorbs water and forms stool		tp-med-body-systems
Liver	Makes bile, processes nutrients and detoxifies		tp-med-body-systems
Gallbladder	Stores bile		tp-med-body-systems
Villi	Finger-like folds that absorb nutrients in the small intestine		tp-med-body-systems
Urinary system	Organs that filter blood and remove liquid waste		tp-med-body-systems
Kidney	Filters blood and makes urine		tp-med-body-systems
Nephron	Filtering unit of the kidney		tp-med-body-systems
Ureter	Tube from kidney to bladder		tp-med-body-systems
Urinary bladder	Stores urine		tp-med-body-systems
Urethra	Tube carrying urine out of the body		tp-med-body-systems
Reproductive system	Organs for producing offspring		tp-med-body-systems
Gamete	A reproductive cell: sperm or egg		tp-med-body-systems
Ovary	Female organ that makes eggs		tp-med-body-systems
Testis	Male organ that makes sperm		tp-med-body-systems
Uterus	Organ where a fetus develops		tp-med-body-systems
Zygote	Cell formed when sperm fertilizes an egg		tp-med-body-systems
Fetus	Developing baby after about eight weeks		tp-med-body-systems
Placenta	Organ that nourishes the fetus		tp-med-body-systems
Anatomical position	Standing upright, facing forward, palms forward		tp-med-body-systems
Sagittal plane	Divides the body into left and right		tp-med-body-systems
Frontal (coronal) plane	Divides the body into front and back		tp-med-body-systems
Transverse plane	Divides the body into top and bottom		tp-med-body-systems
Proximal	Closer to the point of attachment		tp-med-body-systems
Distal	Farther from the point of attachment		tp-med-body-systems
Superior	Toward the head		tp-med-body-systems
Inferior	Toward the feet		tp-med-body-systems
Anterior	Toward the front		tp-med-body-systems
Posterior	Toward the back		tp-med-body-systems
Medial	Toward the midline		tp-med-body-systems
Lateral	Away from the midline		tp-med-body-systems
Superficial	Near the surface		tp-med-body-systems
Deep	Farther from the surface		tp-med-body-systems