{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-nursing-basics",
 "id": "tp-nursing-basics",
 "title": "Nursing Fundamentals Vocabulary",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Nursing",
 "levels": [
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Core concepts for nursing students: process, safety, vitals and common terms. Education only.",
 "tags": [
  "nursing",
  "healthcare"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Nursing process",
   "Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate"
  ],
  [
   "ADPIE",
   "Memory aid for the five steps of the nursing process"
  ],
  [
   "Assessment",
   "Gathering information about the patient"
  ],
  [
   "Subjective data",
   "What the patient reports (symptoms)"
  ],
  [
   "Objective data",
   "What the nurse observes or measures (signs)"
  ],
  [
   "Nursing diagnosis",
   "A clinical judgment about a patient's response to a health problem"
  ],
  [
   "Care plan",
   "Written plan of goals and nursing actions"
  ],
  [
   "Evaluation",
   "Judging whether goals were met"
  ],
  [
   "Vital signs",
   "Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and often oxygen saturation"
  ],
  [
   "Normal adult pulse",
   "About 60 to 100 beats per minute"
  ],
  [
   "Normal adult respirations",
   "About 12 to 20 breaths per minute"
  ],
  [
   "Normal adult temperature",
   "About 98.6 F (37 C), with some natural variation"
  ],
  [
   "Normal blood pressure",
   "About 120/80 mmHg or lower"
  ],
  [
   "Bradycardia",
   "Slow heart rate"
  ],
  [
   "Tachycardia",
   "Fast heart rate"
  ],
  [
   "Hypotension",
   "Low blood pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Hypertension",
   "High blood pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Hypoxia",
   "Low oxygen in body tissues"
  ],
  [
   "Dyspnea",
   "Difficulty breathing"
  ],
  [
   "Apnea",
   "Pause in breathing"
  ],
  [
   "Pulse oximeter",
   "Device that measures oxygen saturation"
  ],
  [
   "Hand hygiene",
   "The most important way to prevent infection"
  ],
  [
   "Standard precautions",
   "Basic infection control used for every patient"
  ],
  [
   "Contact precautions",
   "Gloves and gowns to prevent spread by touch"
  ],
  [
   "Droplet precautions",
   "Mask for germs spread by large respiratory droplets"
  ],
  [
   "Airborne precautions",
   "Special room and respirator for germs that travel on air"
  ],
  [
   "PPE",
   "Personal protective equipment such as gloves, gown, mask and goggles"
  ],
  [
   "Aseptic technique",
   "Methods to prevent contamination by germs"
  ],
  [
   "Sterile field",
   "Area kept free of all microorganisms"
  ],
  [
   "Fomite",
   "An object that can carry infection"
  ],
  [
   "Nosocomial infection",
   "Infection acquired in a healthcare setting"
  ],
  [
   "Six rights of medication",
   "Right patient, drug, dose, route, time and documentation"
  ],
  [
   "Medication reconciliation",
   "Comparing a patient's medication lists to avoid errors"
  ],
  [
   "Allergy",
   "Overreaction of the immune system to a substance"
  ],
  [
   "Anaphylaxis",
   "Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction"
  ],
  [
   "Informed consent",
   "A patient agrees to treatment after understanding it"
  ],
  [
   "HIPAA",
   "US law protecting patients' health information"
  ],
  [
   "Confidentiality",
   "Keeping patient information private"
  ],
  [
   "Advance directive",
   "Written wishes about future medical care"
  ],
  [
   "Patient advocate",
   "Someone who speaks up for a patient's rights and needs"
  ],
  [
   "Scope of practice",
   "What a licensed professional is legally allowed to do"
  ],
  [
   "Delegation",
   "Assigning a task to someone else while keeping accountability"
  ],
  [
   "Chain of command",
   "Order of reporting concerns"
  ],
  [
   "SBAR",
   "Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation: a communication format"
  ],
  [
   "Therapeutic communication",
   "Communication that helps and supports patients"
  ],
  [
   "Active listening",
   "Fully focusing on and responding to what is said"
  ],
  [
   "Documentation",
   "Writing accurate records of care"
  ],
  [
   "Charting by exception",
   "Recording only findings that differ from normal"
  ],
  [
   "Maslow's hierarchy",
   "Basic needs come before higher needs"
  ],
  [
   "Activities of daily living",
   "Everyday self-care tasks like bathing and eating"
  ],
  [
   "Fall risk",
   "Likelihood that a patient will fall"
  ],
  [
   "Pressure injury",
   "Skin damage from prolonged pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Turning schedule",
   "Repositioning to prevent pressure injuries"
  ],
  [
   "Ambulation",
   "Walking"
  ],
  [
   "Body mechanics",
   "Using the body safely when lifting and moving"
  ],
  [
   "Range of motion",
   "The full movement a joint can make"
  ],
  [
   "Intake and output",
   "Measuring fluids a patient takes in and puts out"
  ],
  [
   "Dehydration",
   "Not enough water in the body"
  ],
  [
   "Edema",
   "Swelling from excess fluid in tissue"
  ],
  [
   "Isotonic IV fluid",
   "Fluid with the same concentration as blood plasma"
  ],
  [
   "Catheter",
   "A tube inserted into the body to drain or deliver fluid"
  ],
  [
   "Enteral nutrition",
   "Feeding through the digestive tract, such as a tube"
  ],
  [
   "Parenteral nutrition",
   "Nutrients given directly into the bloodstream"
  ],
  [
   "NPO",
   "Nothing by mouth"
  ],
  [
   "Aspiration",
   "Food or fluid entering the airway"
  ],
  [
   "Wound healing",
   "Stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling"
  ],
  [
   "Dressing",
   "Material that covers and protects a wound"
  ],
  [
   "Pain scale",
   "Tool for patients to rate pain, such as 0 to 10"
  ],
  [
   "Palliative care",
   "Care focused on comfort and quality of life"
  ],
  [
   "Hospice",
   "End-of-life care focusing on comfort"
  ],
  [
   "Triage",
   "Sorting patients by urgency of need"
  ],
  [
   "Rapid response",
   "Team called when a patient is getting worse quickly"
  ],
  [
   "Code blue",
   "Hospital emergency call for cardiac or respiratory arrest"
  ],
  [
   "Restraint",
   "A device limiting movement, used only as a last resort"
  ],
  [
   "Cultural competence",
   "Respecting and meeting patients' cultural needs"
  ],
  [
   "Health literacy",
   "Ability to understand health information"
  ],
  [
   "Teach-back",
   "Asking patients to explain instructions in their own words"
  ],
  [
   "Primary prevention",
   "Stopping disease before it starts, like vaccination"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary prevention",
   "Early detection, like screening"
  ],
  [
   "Tertiary prevention",
   "Reducing the effects of existing disease"
  ],
  [
   "Evidence-based practice",
   "Using the best research along with clinical judgment"
  ],
  [
   "Chain of infection",
   "Agent, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry, host"
  ],
  [
   "Sharps container",
   "Rigid, puncture-proof box for needles"
  ],
  [
   "Incident report",
   "Record of an unusual event, such as a fall or error"
  ],
  [
   "Near miss",
   "An error caught before it reaches the patient"
  ],
  [
   "Bedsore stages",
   "Stages 1 to 4 describing the depth of pressure injury"
  ],
  [
   "Orthostatic hypotension",
   "Blood pressure drop when standing up"
  ]
 ]
}