{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-pharmacology-classes",
 "id": "tp-pharmacology-classes",
 "title": "Pharmacology: Drug Classes and Their Purpose",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Pharmacology",
 "levels": [
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "General drug categories and what each class is used for. Education only, not medical advice.",
 "tags": [
  "pharmacology",
  "nursing",
  "drug-classes"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Drug class",
 "backLabel": "General purpose",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Analgesic",
   "Relieves pain"
  ],
  [
   "Opioid analgesic",
   "Strong pain reliever acting on opioid receptors; carries risk of dependence"
  ],
  [
   "NSAID",
   "Reduces pain, fever and inflammation"
  ],
  [
   "Antipyretic",
   "Lowers fever"
  ],
  [
   "Antibiotic",
   "Kills or stops bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Antiviral",
   "Treats viral infections"
  ],
  [
   "Antifungal",
   "Treats fungal infections"
  ],
  [
   "Antiparasitic",
   "Treats parasite infections"
  ],
  [
   "Penicillins",
   "Antibiotic class that blocks bacterial cell walls"
  ],
  [
   "Cephalosporins",
   "Antibiotic class related to penicillins"
  ],
  [
   "Macrolides",
   "Antibiotics that block bacterial protein making"
  ],
  [
   "Fluoroquinolones",
   "Antibiotics that block bacterial DNA copying"
  ],
  [
   "Tetracyclines",
   "Broad-spectrum antibiotics"
  ],
  [
   "Antihistamine",
   "Blocks histamine to ease allergy symptoms"
  ],
  [
   "Decongestant",
   "Reduces swelling in nasal passages"
  ],
  [
   "Expectorant",
   "Helps loosen mucus"
  ],
  [
   "Antitussive",
   "Suppresses cough"
  ],
  [
   "Bronchodilator",
   "Opens airways"
  ],
  [
   "Corticosteroid",
   "Reduces inflammation and immune activity"
  ],
  [
   "Antihypertensive",
   "Lowers high blood pressure"
  ],
  [
   "ACE inhibitor",
   "Relaxes blood vessels by blocking an enzyme; lowers blood pressure"
  ],
  [
   "ARB",
   "Angiotensin receptor blocker; relaxes blood vessels"
  ],
  [
   "Beta blocker",
   "Slows the heart and lowers blood pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Calcium channel blocker",
   "Relaxes blood vessels and the heart"
  ],
  [
   "Diuretic",
   "Increases urine output to remove fluid"
  ],
  [
   "Vasodilator",
   "Widens blood vessels"
  ],
  [
   "Antiarrhythmic",
   "Controls abnormal heart rhythms"
  ],
  [
   "Anticoagulant",
   "Slows blood clotting"
  ],
  [
   "Antiplatelet",
   "Stops platelets from clumping"
  ],
  [
   "Thrombolytic",
   "Dissolves existing clots"
  ],
  [
   "Statin",
   "Lowers cholesterol by blocking its production in the liver"
  ],
  [
   "Nitrate",
   "Widens vessels to relieve chest pain"
  ],
  [
   "Cardiac glycoside",
   "Strengthens the heartbeat"
  ],
  [
   "Antidiabetic",
   "Lowers blood sugar"
  ],
  [
   "Insulin",
   "Hormone replacement to lower blood glucose"
  ],
  [
   "Thyroid replacement",
   "Supplies thyroid hormone when the thyroid is underactive"
  ],
  [
   "Antacid",
   "Neutralizes stomach acid"
  ],
  [
   "Proton pump inhibitor",
   "Strongly reduces stomach acid production"
  ],
  [
   "H2 blocker",
   "Reduces stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors"
  ],
  [
   "Antiemetic",
   "Prevents nausea and vomiting"
  ],
  [
   "Laxative",
   "Promotes bowel movements"
  ],
  [
   "Antidiarrheal",
   "Slows diarrhea"
  ],
  [
   "Anticonvulsant",
   "Prevents seizures"
  ],
  [
   "Antidepressant",
   "Treats depression"
  ],
  [
   "SSRI",
   "Antidepressant that raises serotonin availability"
  ],
  [
   "Anxiolytic",
   "Reduces anxiety"
  ],
  [
   "Benzodiazepine",
   "Sedating class used for anxiety and seizures; can cause dependence"
  ],
  [
   "Antipsychotic",
   "Treats psychosis and certain mood disorders"
  ],
  [
   "Mood stabilizer",
   "Evens out highs and lows in mood"
  ],
  [
   "Stimulant",
   "Increases alertness and attention"
  ],
  [
   "Sedative-hypnotic",
   "Promotes sleep or calm"
  ],
  [
   "Muscle relaxant",
   "Eases muscle spasm"
  ],
  [
   "Local anesthetic",
   "Numbs a small area"
  ],
  [
   "General anesthetic",
   "Produces unconsciousness for surgery"
  ],
  [
   "Antiparkinson agent",
   "Replaces or mimics dopamine to ease movement symptoms"
  ],
  [
   "Cholinesterase inhibitor",
   "Used to slow memory symptoms in dementia"
  ],
  [
   "Immunosuppressant",
   "Reduces immune activity, as after transplant"
  ],
  [
   "Antineoplastic",
   "Treats cancer"
  ],
  [
   "Vaccine",
   "Trains the immune system to recognize a germ"
  ],
  [
   "Hormonal contraceptive",
   "Prevents pregnancy using hormones"
  ],
  [
   "Bisphosphonate",
   "Slows bone loss"
  ],
  [
   "Antigout agent",
   "Lowers uric acid or relieves gout"
  ],
  [
   "Antimalarial",
   "Prevents or treats malaria"
  ],
  [
   "Antitubercular",
   "Treats tuberculosis"
  ],
  [
   "Pharmacokinetics",
   "What the body does to a drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion"
  ],
  [
   "Pharmacodynamics",
   "What a drug does to the body"
  ],
  [
   "Half-life",
   "Time for the drug concentration in the body to fall by half"
  ],
  [
   "Bioavailability",
   "Fraction of a dose that reaches the bloodstream"
  ],
  [
   "First-pass effect",
   "Liver metabolism of an oral drug before it reaches circulation"
  ],
  [
   "Therapeutic index",
   "Gap between a helpful dose and a harmful one"
  ],
  [
   "Agonist",
   "A drug that activates a receptor"
  ],
  [
   "Antagonist",
   "A drug that blocks a receptor"
  ],
  [
   "Side effect",
   "An unintended effect of a drug"
  ],
  [
   "Adverse reaction",
   "A harmful, unintended response to a drug"
  ],
  [
   "Drug interaction",
   "One drug changes the effect of another"
  ],
  [
   "Contraindication",
   "A condition making a drug unsafe to use"
  ],
  [
   "Generic name",
   "The drug's official non-brand name"
  ],
  [
   "Brand name",
   "A manufacturer's trade name"
  ],
  [
   "Prescription drug",
   "Needs a licensed prescriber's order"
  ],
  [
   "Over-the-counter drug",
   "Sold without a prescription"
  ],
  [
   "Tolerance",
   "Needing more drug to get the same effect"
  ],
  [
   "Dependence",
   "Body adapts so stopping causes withdrawal"
  ],
  [
   "Route: oral",
   "By mouth"
  ],
  [
   "Route: topical",
   "Applied to the skin"
  ],
  [
   "Route: intravenous",
   "Into a vein"
  ],
  [
   "Route: inhaled",
   "Breathed into the lungs"
  ],
  [
   "Route: sublingual",
   "Under the tongue"
  ],
  [
   "Route: transdermal",
   "Through a skin patch"
  ],
  [
   "Controlled substance schedule",
   "Legal classification of drugs by abuse potential"
  ]
 ]
}