{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-trades-carpentry",
 "id": "tp-trades-carpentry",
 "title": "Carpentry and Building Vocabulary",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Trades",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Tools, lumber, framing and finish terms used in woodworking and construction.",
 "tags": [
  "trades",
  "carpentry",
  "construction"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Stud",
   "Vertical framing member in a wall"
  ],
  [
   "Joist",
   "Horizontal framing member supporting a floor or ceiling"
  ],
  [
   "Rafter",
   "Sloped framing member supporting a roof"
  ],
  [
   "Truss",
   "Pre-built triangular frame supporting a roof"
  ],
  [
   "Beam",
   "Large horizontal member carrying heavy loads"
  ],
  [
   "Header",
   "Beam above a door or window carrying the load"
  ],
  [
   "Sill plate",
   "Lumber bolted to the foundation that the walls rest on"
  ],
  [
   "Top plate",
   "Horizontal board across the tops of wall studs"
  ],
  [
   "Bottom plate",
   "Horizontal board at the base of wall studs"
  ],
  [
   "King stud",
   "Full-height stud beside a window or door opening"
  ],
  [
   "Jack stud",
   "Shorter stud under a header"
  ],
  [
   "Cripple stud",
   "Short stud above or below an opening"
  ],
  [
   "Subfloor",
   "Structural layer beneath finished flooring"
  ],
  [
   "Sheathing",
   "Panels covering the outside of the frame"
  ],
  [
   "Plywood",
   "Panel of thin wood layers glued with alternating grain"
  ],
  [
   "OSB",
   "Oriented strand board, panels made of wood strands"
  ],
  [
   "Drywall",
   "Gypsum board used for interior walls"
  ],
  [
   "Dimensional lumber",
   "Standard-sized lumber like 2x4"
  ],
  [
   "2x4",
   "A board whose actual size is about 1.5 by 3.5 inches"
  ],
  [
   "Nominal size",
   "The name size of lumber before drying and milling"
  ],
  [
   "Board foot",
   "Lumber volume: 1 inch thick by 12 inches by 12 inches"
  ],
  [
   "Grain",
   "The pattern of wood fibers"
  ],
  [
   "Hardwood",
   "Wood from broadleaf trees, like oak and maple"
  ],
  [
   "Softwood",
   "Wood from conifers, like pine and fir"
  ],
  [
   "Pressure-treated lumber",
   "Wood treated against rot and insects"
  ],
  [
   "Knot",
   "A section of a branch visible in a board"
  ],
  [
   "Kiln-dried",
   "Dried in an oven to reduce moisture"
  ],
  [
   "Warp",
   "A bend or twist in a board"
  ],
  [
   "Level",
   "Tool showing whether a surface is horizontal"
  ],
  [
   "Plumb",
   "Perfectly vertical"
  ],
  [
   "Square",
   "Exactly 90 degrees; also a tool to check it"
  ],
  [
   "Chalk line",
   "String coated in chalk, snapped to mark a straight line"
  ],
  [
   "Tape measure",
   "Flexible ruler"
  ],
  [
   "Speed square",
   "Triangular tool for marking angles"
  ],
  [
   "Framing square",
   "Large L-shaped tool for checking angles and layout"
  ],
  [
   "Hammer",
   "Tool for driving nails"
  ],
  [
   "Claw hammer",
   "Hammer with a split end to pull nails"
  ],
  [
   "Mallet",
   "A wooden or rubber hammer"
  ],
  [
   "Handsaw",
   "Manual saw"
  ],
  [
   "Circular saw",
   "Handheld power saw with a round blade"
  ],
  [
   "Miter saw",
   "Saw for precise angled crosscuts"
  ],
  [
   "Table saw",
   "Stationary saw with a blade rising through a table"
  ],
  [
   "Jigsaw",
   "Power saw for curves"
  ],
  [
   "Reciprocating saw",
   "Power saw with a push-pull blade for demolition"
  ],
  [
   "Router",
   "Tool that hollows or shapes edges"
  ],
  [
   "Chisel",
   "Sharp-edged hand tool for carving wood"
  ],
  [
   "Plane",
   "Tool for shaving wood smooth"
  ],
  [
   "Sander",
   "Tool using abrasive to smooth wood"
  ],
  [
   "Drill",
   "Tool for making holes or driving screws"
  ],
  [
   "Pilot hole",
   "Small starter hole drilled before a screw"
  ],
  [
   "Countersink",
   "Hole widened to let a screw head sit flush"
  ],
  [
   "Nail gun",
   "Powered tool that shoots nails"
  ],
  [
   "Clamp",
   "Tool that holds pieces together"
  ],
  [
   "Wood glue",
   "Adhesive for joining wood"
  ],
  [
   "Common nail",
   "Heavy nail used in framing"
  ],
  [
   "Finish nail",
   "Thin nail with a small head for trim"
  ],
  [
   "Brad nail",
   "A very small, thin nail"
  ],
  [
   "Wood screw",
   "Threaded fastener for wood"
  ],
  [
   "Lag bolt",
   "Heavy screw bolt for structural connections"
  ],
  [
   "Joist hanger",
   "Metal bracket supporting joist ends"
  ],
  [
   "Hurricane tie",
   "Metal connector securing rafters to walls"
  ],
  [
   "Butt joint",
   "Two boards joined end to face"
  ],
  [
   "Miter joint",
   "Two pieces cut at angles to form a corner"
  ],
  [
   "Dado",
   "Groove cut across the grain"
  ],
  [
   "Rabbet",
   "Notch cut along an edge"
  ],
  [
   "Dovetail joint",
   "Interlocking wedge-shaped joint prized for strength"
  ],
  [
   "Mortise and tenon",
   "A peg-shaped end fitted into a hole"
  ],
  [
   "Lap joint",
   "Two members overlapped"
  ],
  [
   "Trim",
   "Decorative molding around openings and edges"
  ],
  [
   "Baseboard",
   "Trim along the bottom of a wall"
  ],
  [
   "Crown molding",
   "Trim where the wall meets the ceiling"
  ],
  [
   "Casing",
   "Trim around doors and windows"
  ],
  [
   "Jamb",
   "The vertical side of a door or window frame"
  ],
  [
   "Threshold",
   "Strip at the bottom of a doorway"
  ],
  [
   "Sash",
   "The movable frame of a window"
  ],
  [
   "Stair stringer",
   "Sloped board supporting stair treads"
  ],
  [
   "Tread",
   "The horizontal part of a stair step"
  ],
  [
   "Riser",
   "The vertical part of a stair step"
  ],
  [
   "Rise and run",
   "Vertical and horizontal measurements of a stair step or roof"
  ],
  [
   "Pitch",
   "Slope of a roof"
  ],
  [
   "Eave",
   "The lower edge of a roof that overhangs the wall"
  ],
  [
   "Ridge",
   "The peak of a roof"
  ],
  [
   "Fascia",
   "Board along the roof edge"
  ],
  [
   "Soffit",
   "Underside of the roof overhang"
  ],
  [
   "Flashing",
   "Metal that guides water away from joints"
  ],
  [
   "Shingles",
   "Overlapping roofing pieces"
  ],
  [
   "Footing",
   "Concrete base that supports a foundation"
  ],
  [
   "Foundation",
   "Structure that transfers a building's load to the ground"
  ],
  [
   "Load-bearing wall",
   "A wall that supports weight above it"
  ],
  [
   "Blueprint",
   "A technical drawing of a building"
  ],
  [
   "On center (OC)",
   "Spacing measured from the center of one member to the next"
  ],
  [
   "Kerf",
   "The width of material removed by a saw blade"
  ],
  [
   "Cut list",
   "List of pieces and sizes to be cut"
  ]
 ]
}