#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Stud Vertical framing member in a wall tp-trades-carpentry Joist Horizontal framing member supporting a floor or ceiling tp-trades-carpentry Rafter Sloped framing member supporting a roof tp-trades-carpentry Truss Pre-built triangular frame supporting a roof tp-trades-carpentry Beam Large horizontal member carrying heavy loads tp-trades-carpentry Header Beam above a door or window carrying the load tp-trades-carpentry Sill plate Lumber bolted to the foundation that the walls rest on tp-trades-carpentry Top plate Horizontal board across the tops of wall studs tp-trades-carpentry Bottom plate Horizontal board at the base of wall studs tp-trades-carpentry King stud Full-height stud beside a window or door opening tp-trades-carpentry Jack stud Shorter stud under a header tp-trades-carpentry Cripple stud Short stud above or below an opening tp-trades-carpentry Subfloor Structural layer beneath finished flooring tp-trades-carpentry Sheathing Panels covering the outside of the frame tp-trades-carpentry Plywood Panel of thin wood layers glued with alternating grain tp-trades-carpentry OSB Oriented strand board, panels made of wood strands tp-trades-carpentry Drywall Gypsum board used for interior walls tp-trades-carpentry Dimensional lumber Standard-sized lumber like 2x4 tp-trades-carpentry 2x4 A board whose actual size is about 1.5 by 3.5 inches tp-trades-carpentry Nominal size The name size of lumber before drying and milling tp-trades-carpentry Board foot Lumber volume: 1 inch thick by 12 inches by 12 inches tp-trades-carpentry Grain The pattern of wood fibers tp-trades-carpentry Hardwood Wood from broadleaf trees, like oak and maple tp-trades-carpentry Softwood Wood from conifers, like pine and fir tp-trades-carpentry Pressure-treated lumber Wood treated against rot and insects tp-trades-carpentry Knot A section of a branch visible in a board tp-trades-carpentry Kiln-dried Dried in an oven to reduce moisture tp-trades-carpentry Warp A bend or twist in a board tp-trades-carpentry Level Tool showing whether a surface is horizontal tp-trades-carpentry Plumb Perfectly vertical tp-trades-carpentry Square Exactly 90 degrees; also a tool to check it tp-trades-carpentry Chalk line String coated in chalk, snapped to mark a straight line tp-trades-carpentry Tape measure Flexible ruler tp-trades-carpentry Speed square Triangular tool for marking angles tp-trades-carpentry Framing square Large L-shaped tool for checking angles and layout tp-trades-carpentry Hammer Tool for driving nails tp-trades-carpentry Claw hammer Hammer with a split end to pull nails tp-trades-carpentry Mallet A wooden or rubber hammer tp-trades-carpentry Handsaw Manual saw tp-trades-carpentry Circular saw Handheld power saw with a round blade tp-trades-carpentry Miter saw Saw for precise angled crosscuts tp-trades-carpentry Table saw Stationary saw with a blade rising through a table tp-trades-carpentry Jigsaw Power saw for curves tp-trades-carpentry Reciprocating saw Power saw with a push-pull blade for demolition tp-trades-carpentry Router Tool that hollows or shapes edges tp-trades-carpentry Chisel Sharp-edged hand tool for carving wood tp-trades-carpentry Plane Tool for shaving wood smooth tp-trades-carpentry Sander Tool using abrasive to smooth wood tp-trades-carpentry Drill Tool for making holes or driving screws tp-trades-carpentry Pilot hole Small starter hole drilled before a screw tp-trades-carpentry Countersink Hole widened to let a screw head sit flush tp-trades-carpentry Nail gun Powered tool that shoots nails tp-trades-carpentry Clamp Tool that holds pieces together tp-trades-carpentry Wood glue Adhesive for joining wood tp-trades-carpentry Common nail Heavy nail used in framing tp-trades-carpentry Finish nail Thin nail with a small head for trim tp-trades-carpentry Brad nail A very small, thin nail tp-trades-carpentry Wood screw Threaded fastener for wood tp-trades-carpentry Lag bolt Heavy screw bolt for structural connections tp-trades-carpentry Joist hanger Metal bracket supporting joist ends tp-trades-carpentry Hurricane tie Metal connector securing rafters to walls tp-trades-carpentry Butt joint Two boards joined end to face tp-trades-carpentry Miter joint Two pieces cut at angles to form a corner tp-trades-carpentry Dado Groove cut across the grain tp-trades-carpentry Rabbet Notch cut along an edge tp-trades-carpentry Dovetail joint Interlocking wedge-shaped joint prized for strength tp-trades-carpentry Mortise and tenon A peg-shaped end fitted into a hole tp-trades-carpentry Lap joint Two members overlapped tp-trades-carpentry Trim Decorative molding around openings and edges tp-trades-carpentry Baseboard Trim along the bottom of a wall tp-trades-carpentry Crown molding Trim where the wall meets the ceiling tp-trades-carpentry Casing Trim around doors and windows tp-trades-carpentry Jamb The vertical side of a door or window frame tp-trades-carpentry Threshold Strip at the bottom of a doorway tp-trades-carpentry Sash The movable frame of a window tp-trades-carpentry Stair stringer Sloped board supporting stair treads tp-trades-carpentry Tread The horizontal part of a stair step tp-trades-carpentry Riser The vertical part of a stair step tp-trades-carpentry Rise and run Vertical and horizontal measurements of a stair step or roof tp-trades-carpentry Pitch Slope of a roof tp-trades-carpentry Eave The lower edge of a roof that overhangs the wall tp-trades-carpentry Ridge The peak of a roof tp-trades-carpentry Fascia Board along the roof edge tp-trades-carpentry Soffit Underside of the roof overhang tp-trades-carpentry Flashing Metal that guides water away from joints tp-trades-carpentry Shingles Overlapping roofing pieces tp-trades-carpentry Footing Concrete base that supports a foundation tp-trades-carpentry Foundation Structure that transfers a building's load to the ground tp-trades-carpentry Load-bearing wall A wall that supports weight above it tp-trades-carpentry Blueprint A technical drawing of a building tp-trades-carpentry On center (OC) Spacing measured from the center of one member to the next tp-trades-carpentry Kerf The width of material removed by a saw blade tp-trades-carpentry Cut list List of pieces and sizes to be cut tp-trades-carpentry