{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-us-citizenship-topics",
 "id": "tp-us-citizenship-topics",
 "title": "U.S. Civics and Citizenship Topics",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Civics",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Lasting facts about American government, history and symbols that a new citizen or student should know. Written in original wording; not official test items.",
 "tags": [
  "civics",
  "citizenship",
  "government"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "What is the supreme law of the land?",
   "The Constitution"
  ],
  [
   "What does the Constitution do?",
   "Sets up the government, defines its powers and protects basic rights"
  ],
  [
   "What are the first three words of the Constitution?",
   "We the People"
  ],
  [
   "What is an amendment?",
   "A change or addition to the Constitution"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Bill of Rights?",
   "The first ten amendments"
  ],
  [
   "How many amendments does the Constitution have?",
   "Twenty-seven"
  ],
  [
   "What is one right in the First Amendment?",
   "Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly or petition"
  ],
  [
   "What is the economic system of the United States?",
   "A mixed market economy based on capitalism"
  ],
  [
   "What is the rule of law?",
   "Everyone, including leaders, must follow the law"
  ],
  [
   "What are the three branches of government?",
   "Legislative, executive and judicial"
  ],
  [
   "Who makes federal laws?",
   "Congress"
  ],
  [
   "What are the two parts of Congress?",
   "The Senate and the House of Representatives"
  ],
  [
   "How many U.S. senators are there?",
   "One hundred"
  ],
  [
   "How long is a senator's term?",
   "Six years"
  ],
  [
   "How many voting members are in the House?",
   "Four hundred thirty-five"
  ],
  [
   "How long is a House member's term?",
   "Two years"
  ],
  [
   "How many senators does each state have?",
   "Two"
  ],
  [
   "Who does a member of the House represent?",
   "The people of their district"
  ],
  [
   "What stops one branch from becoming too powerful?",
   "Checks and balances and the separation of powers"
  ],
  [
   "Who is in charge of the executive branch?",
   "The President"
  ],
  [
   "How long is a presidential term?",
   "Four years"
  ],
  [
   "How many times can a person be elected president?",
   "Twice; the 22nd Amendment limits it to two elected terms"
  ],
  [
   "Who signs bills to become laws?",
   "The President"
  ],
  [
   "Who is commander in chief of the military?",
   "The President"
  ],
  [
   "What does the President's Cabinet do?",
   "Advises the President"
  ],
  [
   "Who becomes president if the president can no longer serve?",
   "The Vice President"
  ],
  [
   "What does the judicial branch do?",
   "Reviews laws, explains laws and decides if a law goes against the Constitution"
  ],
  [
   "What is the highest court in the United States?",
   "The Supreme Court"
  ],
  [
   "How many justices are on the Supreme Court?",
   "Nine"
  ],
  [
   "How are Supreme Court justices chosen?",
   "Nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate"
  ],
  [
   "What is the capital of the United States?",
   "Washington, D.C."
  ],
  [
   "Where is the Statue of Liberty?",
   "New York Harbor, on Liberty Island"
  ],
  [
   "How many states are there?",
   "Fifty"
  ],
  [
   "How many stripes are on the flag?",
   "Thirteen, for the original colonies"
  ],
  [
   "How many stars are on the flag?",
   "Fifty, one for each state"
  ],
  [
   "What are the colors of the flag?",
   "Red, white and blue"
  ],
  [
   "What is the national anthem?",
   "The Star-Spangled Banner"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Pledge of Allegiance?",
   "A promise of loyalty to the flag and the country"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Fourth of July?",
   "Independence Day, celebrating the Declaration of Independence"
  ],
  [
   "Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?",
   "Thomas Jefferson was its main author"
  ],
  [
   "When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?",
   "July 4, 1776"
  ],
  [
   "What did the Declaration of Independence say?",
   "That the colonies were free of British rule and that people have rights"
  ],
  [
   "What are two rights in the Declaration?",
   "Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"
  ],
  [
   "Who was the first President?",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "Who was President during the Civil War?",
   "Abraham Lincoln"
  ],
  [
   "What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?",
   "Declared enslaved people in Confederate-held areas free"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment ended slavery?",
   "The 13th Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "Who fought in the Civil War?",
   "The Union (North) and the Confederacy (South)"
  ],
  [
   "What was the main reason for the Civil War?",
   "Slavery, along with states' rights and economic differences"
  ],
  [
   "What did Susan B. Anthony do?",
   "Fought for women's rights and the right to vote"
  ],
  [
   "What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?",
   "Led nonviolent efforts for civil rights and equal treatment"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment gave women the right to vote?",
   "The 19th Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Great Depression?",
   "A severe economic downturn in the 1930s"
  ],
  [
   "Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?",
   "Franklin D. Roosevelt"
  ],
  [
   "Which countries did the U.S. fight in World War II?",
   "Germany, Italy and Japan (the Axis powers)"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Cold War?",
   "A long rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after World War II"
  ],
  [
   "Who were the first people living in America?",
   "Native Americans"
  ],
  [
   "Why did the Pilgrims come to America?",
   "To seek religious freedom"
  ],
  [
   "Who is the 'Father of Our Country'?",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Louisiana Purchase?",
   "The 1803 purchase of land from France that doubled the country's size"
  ],
  [
   "What happened at the Constitutional Convention?",
   "The Constitution was written in 1787"
  ],
  [
   "Who wrote the Federalist Papers?",
   "Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay"
  ],
  [
   "Who was one important Founding Father?",
   "Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison or others"
  ],
  [
   "What is the capital of your state?",
   "Depends on the state; every state has a capital city"
  ],
  [
   "What are the two major political parties?",
   "Democratic and Republican parties"
  ],
  [
   "Who can vote in federal elections?",
   "Citizens age 18 and older"
  ],
  [
   "What is one way Americans can participate in democracy?",
   "Vote, join a party, run for office, join a community group or contact elected officials"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18?",
   "The 26th Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "What is one responsibility of citizens?",
   "Serving on a jury, paying taxes or obeying laws"
  ],
  [
   "What is one right only for citizens?",
   "Voting in federal elections or running for federal office"
  ],
  [
   "What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge?",
   "The United States and the flag"
  ],
  [
   "When must men register for the Selective Service?",
   "At age 18"
  ],
  [
   "When are federal taxes due?",
   "Generally by April 15"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Electoral College?",
   "The group of electors who choose the President"
  ],
  [
   "What is a census?",
   "A count of the population done every ten years"
  ],
  [
   "What is a jury?",
   "A group of citizens who decide the facts in a trial"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Mayflower?",
   "The ship that carried the Pilgrims to America in 1620"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Mississippi River?",
   "One of the longest rivers in the country, flowing to the Gulf of Mexico"
  ],
  [
   "Which oceans border the U.S.?",
   "The Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west"
  ],
  [
   "Which countries border the continental U.S.?",
   "Canada and Mexico"
  ],
  [
   "What is Memorial Day?",
   "A day honoring those who died serving in the military"
  ],
  [
   "What is Veterans Day?",
   "A day honoring all who have served in the military"
  ],
  [
   "What is Labor Day?",
   "A holiday honoring workers, on the first Monday of September"
  ],
  [
   "What is Thanksgiving?",
   "A November holiday for giving thanks"
  ],
  [
   "What is the bald eagle?",
   "The national bird of the United States"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Liberty Bell?",
   "A symbol of American independence, kept in Philadelphia"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Great Seal?",
   "The official seal of the United States"
  ],
  [
   "What is federalism?",
   "Power shared between national and state governments"
  ],
  [
   "What does the 10th Amendment say?",
   "Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or the people"
  ],
  [
   "Who governs a state?",
   "A governor"
  ],
  [
   "What is a mayor?",
   "The leader of a city government"
  ],
  [
   "What is due process?",
   "Fair treatment under the law"
  ],
  [
   "What is freedom of religion?",
   "The right to practice any religion or none"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Mayflower Compact?",
   "An agreement to make fair laws for the Plymouth colony"
  ],
  [
   "What is naturalization?",
   "The process by which a non-citizen becomes a citizen"
  ],
  [
   "What is an immigrant?",
   "A person who moves to a new country to live"
  ]
 ]
}