{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-american-revolution",
 "id": "us-american-revolution",
 "title": "The American Revolution: Events and Dates",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "US History",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "The taxes, protests, battles and documents that led the colonies to independence.",
 "tags": [
  "revolution",
  "independence",
  "1776"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Event or term",
 "backLabel": "What it was",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Stamp Act (1765)",
   "A British tax on printed paper that colonists protested loudly"
  ],
  [
   "No taxation without representation",
   "Colonial slogan: colonists had no voice in the Parliament that taxed them"
  ],
  [
   "Sons of Liberty",
   "Colonial protest group that opposed British taxes"
  ],
  [
   "Townshend Acts (1767)",
   "British taxes on goods like glass, paper, paint and tea"
  ],
  [
   "Boston Massacre (1770)",
   "British soldiers fired into a Boston crowd and killed five colonists"
  ],
  [
   "Crispus Attucks",
   "A man of African and Native descent, the first person killed in the Boston Massacre"
  ],
  [
   "Tea Act (1773)",
   "British law that helped the East India Company sell tea in the colonies"
  ],
  [
   "Boston Tea Party (1773)",
   "Colonists dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor"
  ],
  [
   "Intolerable Acts (1774)",
   "Punishing British laws after the Tea Party; the colonists' name for them"
  ],
  [
   "First Continental Congress (1774)",
   "Delegates from twelve colonies met in Philadelphia to answer British actions"
  ],
  [
   "Minutemen",
   "Colonial militia ready to fight at a minute's notice"
  ],
  [
   "Paul Revere",
   "Rider who warned of British troops marching in April 1775"
  ],
  [
   "Lexington and Concord (1775)",
   "The first battles of the Revolutionary War, in Massachusetts"
  ],
  [
   "Shot heard 'round the world",
   "Famous poem phrase about the first shot at Concord"
  ],
  [
   "Second Continental Congress",
   "Met in 1775; ran the war and later voted for independence"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)",
   "A costly British win near Boston that showed colonists could fight well"
  ],
  [
   "George Washington",
   "Chosen in 1775 to lead the Continental Army"
  ],
  [
   "Continental Army",
   "The army formed by the Second Continental Congress"
  ],
  [
   "Common Sense (1776)",
   "Thomas Paine's pamphlet arguing for independence in plain language"
  ],
  [
   "Thomas Paine",
   "Writer of Common Sense and The American Crisis"
  ],
  [
   "Declaration of Independence",
   "Adopted July 4, 1776; explained why the colonies were free from Britain"
  ],
  [
   "Thomas Jefferson",
   "Main writer of the Declaration of Independence"
  ],
  [
   "Committee of Five",
   "Group chosen to draft the Declaration: Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman, Livingston"
  ],
  [
   "Loyalists",
   "Colonists who stayed loyal to the British king"
  ],
  [
   "Patriots",
   "Colonists who wanted independence"
  ],
  [
   "Redcoats",
   "Nickname for British soldiers because of their uniforms"
  ],
  [
   "Hessians",
   "German soldiers hired by Britain to fight in America"
  ],
  [
   "Washington crossing the Delaware",
   "A surprise Christmas night 1776 crossing before the Battle of Trenton"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Trenton (1776)",
   "Washington's surprise win over Hessian troops in New Jersey"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Saratoga (1777)",
   "American victory in New York that was the turning point of the war"
  ],
  [
   "Valley Forge",
   "Winter camp 1777-1778 in Pennsylvania where the army endured hardship and training"
  ],
  [
   "Baron von Steuben",
   "Prussian officer who trained the Continental Army at Valley Forge"
  ],
  [
   "Marquis de Lafayette",
   "French nobleman who joined Washington as a general"
  ],
  [
   "Alliance with France (1778)",
   "France joined the war on the American side after Saratoga"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Yorktown (1781)",
   "Last major battle; British General Cornwallis surrendered"
  ],
  [
   "Lord Cornwallis",
   "British general who surrendered at Yorktown"
  ],
  [
   "Treaty of Paris (1783)",
   "Ended the war; Britain recognized American independence"
  ],
  [
   "Articles of Confederation",
   "First US plan of government, with a weak national government"
  ],
  [
   "Abigail Adams",
   "Wrote to John Adams asking him to 'remember the ladies' in new laws"
  ],
  [
   "John Adams",
   "Massachusetts leader who supported independence and later became the second president"
  ],
  [
   "Benjamin Franklin",
   "Diplomat who won French support in Paris"
  ],
  [
   "Samuel Adams",
   "Boston leader and organizer of protests against British taxes"
  ],
  [
   "Patrick Henry",
   "Virginian famous for 'Give me liberty, or give me death'"
  ],
  [
   "John Hancock",
   "Congress president whose signature on the Declaration was large and bold"
  ],
  [
   "Nathan Hale",
   "Patriot spy who said he regretted having only one life to give for his country"
  ],
  [
   "Molly Pitcher",
   "Name for women who carried water to soldiers and sometimes helped load cannons"
  ],
  [
   "Deborah Sampson",
   "A woman who disguised herself as a man to fight in the Continental Army"
  ],
  [
   "Haym Salomon",
   "Jewish financier who helped raise money for the war"
  ],
  [
   "Phillis Wheatley",
   "Enslaved poet in Boston whose poems were published in 1773"
  ],
  [
   "Sybil Ludington",
   "Teen who rode at night to call militia in 1777, as the story goes"
  ],
  [
   "Francis Marion",
   "South Carolina leader nicknamed the Swamp Fox"
  ],
  [
   "Benedict Arnold",
   "American general who turned traitor and joined the British"
  ],
  [
   "John Paul Jones",
   "Naval commander famous for 'I have not yet begun to fight'"
  ],
  [
   "Bernardo de Galvez",
   "Spanish governor who helped the Americans by fighting the British in the Gulf region"
  ],
  [
   "Joseph Brant",
   "Mohawk leader who sided with the British"
  ],
  [
   "Boycott",
   "Refusing to buy goods as a protest; colonists used it against British goods"
  ],
  [
   "Taxation",
   "Charging money to support a government"
  ],
  [
   "Parliament",
   "Britain's lawmaking body"
  ],
  [
   "Repeal",
   "To cancel a law; Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766"
  ],
  [
   "Quartering Act",
   "British law requiring colonies to house soldiers"
  ],
  [
   "King George III",
   "British king during the Revolution"
  ],
  [
   "Independence",
   "Freedom from rule by another country"
  ],
  [
   "Committees of Correspondence",
   "Groups that shared news and plans among the colonies"
  ],
  [
   "Olive Branch Petition (1775)",
   "Congress's last request to King George to avoid war"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Long Island (1776)",
   "Major British win in New York at the start of the campaign for the city"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Cowpens (1781)",
   "American victory in South Carolina"
  ],
  [
   "Siege",
   "Surrounding a place to force it to give up"
  ],
  [
   "Treaty",
   "A written agreement between nations"
  ],
  [
   "Declaration signers",
   "Fifty-six delegates signed the Declaration"
  ],
  [
   "July 4",
   "Date the Declaration was adopted, now Independence Day"
  ],
  [
   "Liberty Bell",
   "Famous bell in Philadelphia, a symbol of American freedom"
  ],
  [
   "Betsy Ross",
   "Philadelphia seamstress tradition says sewed an early American flag"
  ],
  [
   "Continental dollar",
   "Paper money printed by Congress that lost value quickly"
  ],
  [
   "Militia",
   "Citizen soldiers who served part time"
  ],
  [
   "Guerrilla warfare",
   "Fighting with small surprise attacks, used by some Patriot forces"
  ]
 ]
}