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Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments, ratified in 1791		us-bill-of-rights
Why add a bill of rights?	Many people wanted written protection from a strong national government		us-bill-of-rights
First Amendment	Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition		us-bill-of-rights
Freedom of religion	Government cannot set up an official church or stop you from practicing your faith		us-bill-of-rights
Establishment Clause	Government may not establish an official religion		us-bill-of-rights
Free Exercise Clause	You may practice your religion freely		us-bill-of-rights
Freedom of speech	You may express your ideas without government punishment, within limits		us-bill-of-rights
Freedom of the press	News outlets may publish without government censorship		us-bill-of-rights
Freedom of assembly	People may gather peacefully		us-bill-of-rights
Right to petition	People may ask the government to fix problems		us-bill-of-rights
Second Amendment	The right to keep and bear arms, with a militia purpose stated		us-bill-of-rights
Third Amendment	Soldiers cannot be forced to live in your home in peacetime		us-bill-of-rights
Fourth Amendment	Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures		us-bill-of-rights
Search warrant	Court order that lets police search a place, based on probable cause		us-bill-of-rights
Probable cause	Good reason to believe a crime happened		us-bill-of-rights
Fifth Amendment	Grand jury, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, due process, fair payment for property taken		us-bill-of-rights
Double jeopardy	You cannot be tried twice for the same crime		us-bill-of-rights
Self-incrimination	No one can be forced to testify against themselves		us-bill-of-rights
Pleading the fifth	Refusing to answer questions that could incriminate you		us-bill-of-rights
Due process	Fair procedures before the government takes life, liberty or property		us-bill-of-rights
Eminent domain	Government may take private land for public use if it pays fairly		us-bill-of-rights
Grand jury	Group that decides whether there is enough evidence to bring charges		us-bill-of-rights
Sixth Amendment	Speedy public trial, an impartial jury, a lawyer, and facing your accusers		us-bill-of-rights
Right to counsel	Right to have a lawyer		us-bill-of-rights
Impartial jury	Jurors who are fair and have not decided in advance		us-bill-of-rights
Seventh Amendment	Jury trials in many civil cases		us-bill-of-rights
Civil case	A legal dispute between people or groups, often about money		us-bill-of-rights
Criminal case	Government charges someone with breaking a law		us-bill-of-rights
Eighth Amendment	No excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment		us-bill-of-rights
Bail	Money paid to be free while waiting for trial		us-bill-of-rights
Ninth Amendment	People have other rights besides those listed		us-bill-of-rights
Tenth Amendment	Powers not given to the national government belong to the states or the people		us-bill-of-rights
Reserved powers	Powers the Tenth Amendment leaves to the states		us-bill-of-rights
James Madison	Wrote the Bill of Rights in Congress in 1789		us-bill-of-rights
George Mason	Virginian who urged a bill of rights and wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights		us-bill-of-rights
Anti-Federalists	Opponents of the Constitution who demanded a bill of rights		us-bill-of-rights
Federalists	Supporters of the Constitution who promised to add one		us-bill-of-rights
Ratification of Bill of Rights	Completed December 15, 1791		us-bill-of-rights
Bill of Rights Day	December 15, marking ratification		us-bill-of-rights
Magna Carta influence	England's 1215 charter influenced ideas of due process		us-bill-of-rights
English Bill of Rights	1689 document that influenced American rights		us-bill-of-rights
Virginia Declaration of Rights	1776 state document, a model for the national Bill of Rights		us-bill-of-rights
Selective incorporation	Courts applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment		us-bill-of-rights
Fourteenth Amendment	Guarantees equal protection and due process from state governments		us-bill-of-rights
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)	Students keep free speech rights at school if they do not disrupt learning		us-bill-of-rights
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)	Police must tell suspects of their rights before questioning		us-bill-of-rights
Miranda rights	You have the right to remain silent and to have a lawyer		us-bill-of-rights
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)	The state must provide a lawyer to defendants who cannot afford one		us-bill-of-rights
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)	Evidence taken by illegal search cannot be used in state court		us-bill-of-rights
New York Times v. United States (1971)	Upheld press freedom in the Pentagon Papers case		us-bill-of-rights
Engel v. Vitale (1962)	Public schools cannot sponsor official prayer		us-bill-of-rights
West Virginia v. Barnette (1943)	Students cannot be forced to salute the flag		us-bill-of-rights
Libel and slander	False statements that harm someone's reputation; not protected speech		us-bill-of-rights
Censorship	Government control of what can be said or published		us-bill-of-rights
Peaceful protest	Gathering to express views, protected by the First Amendment		us-bill-of-rights
Search and seizure	Looking through property and taking items		us-bill-of-rights
Jury of peers	A group of ordinary citizens who decide a trial		us-bill-of-rights
Unreasonable search	A search without a good reason or warrant		us-bill-of-rights
Witness	Person who testifies about what they saw or know		us-bill-of-rights
Defendant	Person accused of a crime or sued in court		us-bill-of-rights
Rights vs responsibilities	Rights come with duties, like respecting others' rights		us-bill-of-rights
Amendments 11-27	Later amendments, such as ending slavery, granting voting rights, and others		us-bill-of-rights