#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Segregation Keeping people apart by race in schools, buses, restaurants and more us-civil-rights-movement Jim Crow laws Laws in the South that enforced segregation us-civil-rights-movement Discrimination Treating people unfairly because of who they are us-civil-rights-movement Civil rights Rights that guarantee equal treatment under the law us-civil-rights-movement NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 us-civil-rights-movement Thurgood Marshall NAACP lawyer who argued Brown v. Board and became the first Black Supreme Court justice us-civil-rights-movement Jackie Robinson In 1947 became the first Black player in modern major league baseball us-civil-rights-movement Executive Order 9981 (1948) Truman ordered the end of segregation in the armed forces us-civil-rights-movement Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools are unequal us-civil-rights-movement Earl Warren Chief Justice when the Court decided Brown v. Board us-civil-rights-movement Linda Brown Kansas student at the center of the Brown v. Board case us-civil-rights-movement Emmett Till Black teenager killed in Mississippi in 1955; his mother's courage drew national attention us-civil-rights-movement Rosa Parks In December 1955 she refused to give up her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama us-civil-rights-movement Montgomery Bus Boycott A year-long refusal to ride city buses in 1955-56 us-civil-rights-movement Martin Luther King Jr. Baptist minister and leader of nonviolent protest us-civil-rights-movement Nonviolence Peaceful protest, a method King learned from Gandhi and the Gospel us-civil-rights-movement Mahatma Gandhi Indian leader whose peaceful methods inspired the movement us-civil-rights-movement SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a group led by King us-civil-rights-movement Little Rock Nine (1957) Nine Black students who integrated Central High School in Arkansas us-civil-rights-movement Integration Bringing people of different races together in schools and places us-civil-rights-movement Ruby Bridges At age six in 1960 she integrated an elementary school in New Orleans us-civil-rights-movement Greensboro sit-ins (1960) Four college students sat at a whites-only lunch counter in North Carolina us-civil-rights-movement Sit-in A protest where people sit in a place and refuse to leave us-civil-rights-movement SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, formed in 1960 us-civil-rights-movement Freedom Riders (1961) Black and white activists rode buses together through the South to test desegregation us-civil-rights-movement John Lewis Student leader and Freedom Rider who later served in Congress us-civil-rights-movement James Meredith First Black student at the University of Mississippi, in 1962 us-civil-rights-movement Birmingham campaign (1963) Protests in Alabama, including a march of many young people us-civil-rights-movement Letter from Birmingham Jail King's 1963 letter explaining why people should not wait for justice us-civil-rights-movement March on Washington (1963) Over 200,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial for jobs and freedom us-civil-rights-movement I Have a Dream King's speech at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963 us-civil-rights-movement A. Philip Randolph Labor leader and a main organizer of the March on Washington us-civil-rights-movement Bayard Rustin Main organizer of the 1963 March on Washington us-civil-rights-movement 16th Street Baptist Church bombing (1963) Attack in Birmingham that killed four girls us-civil-rights-movement Civil Rights Act of 1964 Outlawed segregation in public places and discrimination in jobs us-civil-rights-movement Lyndon B. Johnson President who signed the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts us-civil-rights-movement Freedom Summer (1964) Volunteers worked to register Black voters in Mississippi us-civil-rights-movement Fannie Lou Hamer Mississippi voting rights activist who spoke at the 1964 Democratic Convention us-civil-rights-movement 24th Amendment (1964) Banned poll taxes in federal elections us-civil-rights-movement Poll tax A fee to vote that kept poor Black voters away from the polls us-civil-rights-movement Literacy test Reading tests unfairly used to keep Black citizens from voting us-civil-rights-movement Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) Marches for voting rights, including 'Bloody Sunday' on March 7 us-civil-rights-movement Edmund Pettus Bridge Selma bridge where marchers were attacked on Bloody Sunday us-civil-rights-movement Voting Rights Act (1965) Protected the right to vote and banned practices that blocked Black voters us-civil-rights-movement Malcolm X Leader who spoke for Black pride and self-determination us-civil-rights-movement Nation of Islam Religious and social group Malcolm X belonged to before 1964 us-civil-rights-movement Black Power Slogan from the 1960s about pride, strength and community control us-civil-rights-movement Black Panther Party Group founded in 1966 in Oakland, California us-civil-rights-movement Loving v. Virginia (1967) Supreme Court struck down laws against marriage between people of different races us-civil-rights-movement Thurgood Marshall's appointment (1967) Became the first Black justice on the Supreme Court us-civil-rights-movement Assassination of MLK (1968) King was killed in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968 us-civil-rights-movement Fair Housing Act (1968) Banned discrimination in selling or renting homes us-civil-rights-movement Poor People's Campaign Movement for economic justice that King was planning at his death us-civil-rights-movement Cesar Chavez Labor leader who organized farm workers and led nonviolent boycotts us-civil-rights-movement Dolores Huerta Co-founded the United Farm Workers with Chavez us-civil-rights-movement United Farm Workers Union of farm workers organized in the 1960s us-civil-rights-movement American Indian Movement (1968) Native activists working for treaty rights and justice us-civil-rights-movement Women's liberation movement Push for equal pay and rights for women in the 1960s and 70s us-civil-rights-movement Betty Friedan Author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) us-civil-rights-movement Title IX (1972) Law banning sex discrimination in schools that get federal money, including sports us-civil-rights-movement Equal Pay Act (1963) Law requiring equal pay for equal work regardless of sex us-civil-rights-movement Stonewall (1969) New York protest often seen as a spark of the gay rights movement us-civil-rights-movement Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) Banned discrimination against people with disabilities us-civil-rights-movement Ed Roberts Disability rights pioneer who helped start the independent living movement us-civil-rights-movement Japanese American redress (1988) Law that apologized for the WWII incarceration and paid survivors us-civil-rights-movement Civil disobedience Peacefully refusing to obey an unjust law us-civil-rights-movement Boycott Refusing to buy or use something as a protest us-civil-rights-movement Desegregation Ending separation of races us-civil-rights-movement Separate but equal Rule from Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), overturned for schools by Brown us-civil-rights-movement Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 case that allowed segregation us-civil-rights-movement Medgar Evers Mississippi NAACP leader killed in 1963 us-civil-rights-movement Ella Baker Organizer who helped start SNCC us-civil-rights-movement Claudette Colvin Teen who refused to give up a bus seat in Montgomery in March 1955 us-civil-rights-movement Constance Baker Motley Lawyer who argued important civil rights cases and became a federal judge us-civil-rights-movement Barbara Johns Teen who led a student walkout for better schools in Virginia in 1951 us-civil-rights-movement Septima Clark Teacher who started citizenship schools to prepare people to register to vote us-civil-rights-movement