{ "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-civil-war", "id": "us-civil-war", "title": "The Civil War (1861-1865)", "category": "history", "subject": "US History", "levels": [ "3-5", "6-8", "9-12" ], "description": "Causes, battles, leaders and turning points of the American Civil War.", "tags": [ "civil war", "lincoln", "slavery", "union", "confederacy" ], "frontLabel": "Term or event", "backLabel": "What it was", "cards": [ [ "Main cause of the Civil War", "Disagreement over slavery and whether it could spread into new states and territories" ], [ "Union", "The Northern states that stayed in the United States" ], [ "Confederacy", "The eleven Southern states that left the Union" ], [ "Secession", "A state's decision to leave the Union" ], [ "First state to secede", "South Carolina, in December 1860" ], [ "Abraham Lincoln", "16th president; his election in 1860 led Southern states to secede" ], [ "Jefferson Davis", "President of the Confederacy" ], [ "Fort Sumter (1861)", "Confederate guns fired on this South Carolina fort, starting the war on April 12" ], [ "Border states", "Slave states that stayed in the Union: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri" ], [ "Robert E. Lee", "Commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia" ], [ "Ulysses S. Grant", "Union general who led all Union armies and later became president" ], [ "William T. Sherman", "Union general who led the March to the Sea through Georgia in 1864" ], [ "Stonewall Jackson", "Confederate general famous for standing like a stone wall at Bull Run" ], [ "George McClellan", "Union general who trained the Army of the Potomac but moved cautiously" ], [ "Anaconda Plan", "Union plan to squeeze the South by blockading ports and taking the Mississippi River" ], [ "Blockade", "Using ships to keep supplies from reaching or leaving ports" ], [ "First Battle of Bull Run (1861)", "First big battle, in Virginia; showed the war would be long" ], [ "Ironclad", "Warship covered in iron plates" ], [ "Monitor and Merrimack (1862)", "First battle between ironclad ships; neither side won clearly" ], [ "Battle of Shiloh (1862)", "Bloody Tennessee battle that showed how costly the war would be" ], [ "Battle of Antietam (1862)", "Fought in Maryland on September 17; the bloodiest single day in American history" ], [ "Emancipation Proclamation", "Lincoln's order, effective January 1, 1863, freeing enslaved people in areas in rebellion" ], [ "54th Massachusetts", "Famous regiment of Black soldiers led by white officers; attacked Fort Wagner in 1863" ], [ "Black soldiers", "About 180,000 Black men served in the Union Army" ], [ "Robert Gould Shaw", "White colonel who led the 54th Massachusetts" ], [ "Harriet Tubman in the war", "Served the Union as a scout, nurse and spy" ], [ "Battle of Fredericksburg (1862)", "Confederate victory in Virginia with heavy Union losses" ], [ "Battle of Chancellorsville (1863)", "Lee's bold victory in Virginia, though Jackson was fatally wounded" ], [ "Siege of Vicksburg (1863)", "Grant captured this Mississippi River city after weeks of siege" ], [ "Battle of Gettysburg (1863)", "Three-day battle in Pennsylvania; Lee's northern invasion was turned back" ], [ "Pickett's Charge", "Failed Confederate assault on the last day at Gettysburg" ], [ "Turning points of 1863", "Gettysburg and Vicksburg, both ending July 3-4" ], [ "Gettysburg Address", "Lincoln's short speech in November 1863 about equality and a 'new birth of freedom'" ], [ "Draft riots (1863)", "Violent protests in New York City against the military draft" ], [ "Habeas corpus", "Right to challenge your imprisonment; Lincoln suspended it during the war" ], [ "Clara Barton", "Nurse who helped wounded soldiers and later founded the American Red Cross" ], [ "Dorothea Dix in the war", "Led the Union Army's nurses" ], [ "Women in the war", "Served as nurses and spies, ran farms and businesses, and a few disguised themselves to fight" ], [ "Soldier's diet", "Hardtack, a hard cracker, was a common food" ], [ "Hardtack", "A hard, dry biscuit given to soldiers" ], [ "Minie ball", "A cone-shaped rifle bullet that made battles deadlier" ], [ "Disease in the war", "More soldiers died of illness than of wounds" ], [ "Mathew Brady", "Photographer whose team showed the war's reality to the public" ], [ "Telegraph in the war", "Let Lincoln and generals send orders quickly" ], [ "Railroads in the war", "Moved troops and supplies quickly, especially for the Union" ], [ "Sherman's March to the Sea (1864)", "Union army cut through Georgia, destroying railroads and supplies" ], [ "Atlanta captured (1864)", "Sherman took Atlanta in September 1864, helping Lincoln win re-election" ], [ "Election of 1864", "Lincoln won a second term" ], [ "Thirteenth Amendment", "Ended slavery in the US; passed by Congress in 1865 and ratified that December" ], [ "Siege of Petersburg", "Months-long Union siege in Virginia in 1864-65" ], [ "Appomattox Court House", "Virginia town where Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865" ], [ "Lee's surrender", "April 9, 1865, effectively ended the war in the East" ], [ "Lincoln's assassination", "John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865; he died the next day" ], [ "Andrew Johnson", "Became president after Lincoln's death" ], [ "Casualties", "About 620,000 soldiers died in the war" ], [ "Dred Scott decision (1857)", "Supreme Court ruled Black people could not be citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories" ], [ "Missouri Compromise", "1820 plan that tried to balance slave and free states" ], [ "Compromise of 1850", "Package of laws including California as a free state and a stronger Fugitive Slave Act" ], [ "Fugitive Slave Act", "Law requiring that escaped enslaved people be returned" ], [ "Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)", "Let settlers vote on slavery in those territories, leading to 'Bleeding Kansas'" ], [ "Bleeding Kansas", "Violent fighting in Kansas over slavery in the 1850s" ], [ "John Brown's raid (1859)", "Abolitionist John Brown attacked the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia" ], [ "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that turned many against slavery" ], [ "Harriet Beecher Stowe", "Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin" ], [ "Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)", "Illinois Senate debates that made Lincoln famous" ], [ "Stephen Douglas", "Illinois senator who debated Lincoln over slavery" ], [ "Republican Party", "Founded in 1854 to oppose spreading slavery into territories" ], [ "Sectionalism", "Loyalty to a region more than to the whole country" ], [ "States' rights", "Idea that states hold powers the federal government should not control" ], [ "Cotton in the South", "The Southern economy depended heavily on cotton grown by enslaved labor" ], [ "North's economy", "Based more on factories, trade and smaller farms" ], [ "Frederick Douglass in the war", "Urged Lincoln to free enslaved people and let Black men fight" ], [ "Contrabands", "Name for enslaved people who fled to Union lines" ], [ "Homestead Act and Morrill Act (1862)", "Laws passed during the war that gave land to settlers and colleges" ], [ "Greenbacks", "Paper money the Union printed to pay for the war" ], [ "Gettysburg National Cemetery", "Burial place for Union dead, where Lincoln spoke" ], [ "Battle of Mobile Bay (1864)", "Union naval victory under Admiral David Farragut that closed a key Confederate port" ], [ "Clara Barton's Red Cross", "Founded in 1881 after her war work" ], [ "Juneteenth", "June 19, 1865, when enslaved people in Texas learned they were free; now a national holiday" ], [ "Civil War", "War within one country between two sides" ] ] }