{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-colonial-america",
 "id": "us-colonial-america",
 "title": "Colonial America: Dates and Events",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "US History",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "Key dates, places and events from the first English settlements to the eve of the American Revolution.",
 "tags": [
  "colonial",
  "jamestown",
  "pilgrims",
  "13 colonies"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Date or event",
 "backLabel": "What happened",
 "cards": [
  [
   "1607",
   "Jamestown, Virginia, became the first lasting English settlement in North America"
  ],
  [
   "1619",
   "The first enslaved Africans were brought to English Virginia; the House of Burgesses also first met"
  ],
  [
   "1620",
   "The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the Mayflower"
  ],
  [
   "Mayflower Compact",
   "A 1620 agreement by the Pilgrims to make fair laws and obey them"
  ],
  [
   "1621",
   "The Pilgrims and Wampanoag shared a harvest feast, often called the first Thanksgiving"
  ],
  [
   "1630",
   "Puritans led by John Winthrop founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony"
  ],
  [
   "1636",
   "Roger Williams founded Rhode Island; Harvard College was also founded"
  ],
  [
   "1624",
   "The Dutch began settling New Netherland, which later became New York"
  ],
  [
   "1664",
   "England took New Amsterdam from the Dutch and renamed it New York"
  ],
  [
   "1682",
   "William Penn founded Pennsylvania with Philadelphia as its city"
  ],
  [
   "1732",
   "Georgia, the last of the 13 colonies, was founded by James Oglethorpe"
  ],
  [
   "1692",
   "The Salem witch trials took place in Massachusetts"
  ],
  [
   "1754",
   "The French and Indian War began in North America"
  ],
  [
   "1763",
   "The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War; Britain won Canada"
  ],
  [
   "Proclamation of 1763",
   "British order that kept colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains"
  ],
  [
   "Thirteen colonies",
   "The British colonies on the Atlantic coast that became the first US states"
  ],
  [
   "New England Colonies",
   "Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut"
  ],
  [
   "Middle Colonies",
   "New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware"
  ],
  [
   "Southern Colonies",
   "Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia"
  ],
  [
   "Jamestown's early leader",
   "Captain John Smith, who insisted that settlers who did not work would not eat"
  ],
  [
   "Pocahontas",
   "A Powhatan girl connected to Jamestown who later married colonist John Rolfe"
  ],
  [
   "John Rolfe",
   "Jamestown settler whose tobacco crop made Virginia profitable"
  ],
  [
   "Cash crop",
   "A crop grown mainly to be sold, like tobacco in Virginia"
  ],
  [
   "Squanto",
   "A Patuxet man who taught the Pilgrims to grow corn and fish"
  ],
  [
   "William Bradford",
   "Governor of Plymouth Colony for many years"
  ],
  [
   "Anne Hutchinson",
   "A Puritan woman banished from Massachusetts for her religious ideas"
  ],
  [
   "Roger Williams",
   "Believed in separating church and government and in fair treatment of Native Americans"
  ],
  [
   "Lord Baltimore",
   "Founder of Maryland, planned as a home for English Catholics"
  ],
  [
   "William Penn",
   "A Quaker who made Pennsylvania a place of religious freedom"
  ],
  [
   "Quakers",
   "A Christian group that valued peace and equality"
  ],
  [
   "Puritans",
   "English Protestants who wanted to make the church simpler and purer"
  ],
  [
   "Pilgrims",
   "Separatists who left England to worship in their own way"
  ],
  [
   "Separatists",
   "People who wanted to break away from the Church of England"
  ],
  [
   "Indentured servant",
   "A person who worked for a set number of years to pay for the trip to America"
  ],
  [
   "Headright system",
   "Virginia plan that gave land to anyone who paid for a settler's trip"
  ],
  [
   "House of Burgesses",
   "The first elected lawmaking group in the English colonies, started in Virginia in 1619"
  ],
  [
   "Town meeting",
   "A New England gathering where townspeople voted on local matters"
  ],
  [
   "Triangular trade",
   "Trade routes linking New England, Africa and the West Indies"
  ],
  [
   "Middle Passage",
   "The forced sea voyage that carried enslaved Africans across the Atlantic"
  ],
  [
   "Plantation",
   "A large farm in the South that grew crops like tobacco, rice and indigo"
  ],
  [
   "Slavery in the colonies",
   "Forced labor of enslaved Africans, legal in all thirteen colonies at the time"
  ],
  [
   "Great Awakening",
   "A religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s that spread through the colonies"
  ],
  [
   "Jonathan Edwards",
   "Preacher and leader of the Great Awakening"
  ],
  [
   "Benjamin Franklin",
   "Printer and inventor in Philadelphia; proposed the Albany Plan of Union in 1754"
  ],
  [
   "Albany Plan",
   "Franklin's 1754 idea to unite the colonies for defense"
  ],
  [
   "Join, or Die",
   "Franklin's cartoon of a snake cut in pieces, urging the colonies to unite"
  ],
  [
   "George Washington",
   "A young Virginian who fought in the French and Indian War"
  ],
  [
   "Fort Necessity",
   "Small fort in Pennsylvania where Washington fought the French in 1754"
  ],
  [
   "Mercantilism",
   "The idea that colonies exist to make the mother country rich"
  ],
  [
   "Navigation Acts",
   "British laws that made colonists trade mainly with Britain"
  ],
  [
   "Salutary neglect",
   "Britain's loose enforcement of colonial laws before 1763"
  ],
  [
   "Charter",
   "A written document from the king giving a colony the right to exist"
  ],
  [
   "Proprietary colony",
   "A colony owned by one person or a family, like Pennsylvania"
  ],
  [
   "Royal colony",
   "A colony ruled directly by the king through a governor"
  ],
  [
   "Virginia",
   "The first of the thirteen colonies, founded at Jamestown"
  ],
  [
   "Plymouth Colony",
   "The Pilgrims' settlement in Massachusetts, begun in 1620"
  ],
  [
   "Boston",
   "Main city of Massachusetts Bay and a busy colonial port"
  ],
  [
   "Philadelphia",
   "Largest colonial city by the 1770s; its name means brotherly love"
  ],
  [
   "Charleston",
   "Main port of South Carolina"
  ],
  [
   "Williamsburg",
   "Capital of colonial Virginia from 1699"
  ],
  [
   "Pennsylvania Dutch",
   "German-speaking settlers in Pennsylvania"
  ],
  [
   "Hornbook",
   "A paddle-shaped board that held a lesson sheet for young colonial students"
  ],
  [
   "New England Primer",
   "A popular colonial reading book for children"
  ],
  [
   "Apprentice",
   "A young person who learned a trade by working for a master"
  ],
  [
   "Blacksmith",
   "Colonial worker who made tools and nails from iron"
  ],
  [
   "Cooper",
   "Colonial craftsperson who made barrels"
  ],
  [
   "Wampanoag",
   "Native nation in what is now Massachusetts who met the Pilgrims"
  ],
  [
   "Powhatan Confederacy",
   "Alliance of Native nations in tidewater Virginia"
  ],
  [
   "King Philip's War",
   "1675-1676 conflict between New England colonists and Native nations led by Metacom"
  ],
  [
   "Metacom",
   "Wampanoag leader, called King Philip by the English"
  ],
  [
   "Fur trade",
   "Trade in animal pelts, important to the French and Dutch in North America"
  ],
  [
   "New France",
   "French territory in North America, centered on Quebec"
  ],
  [
   "Quebec",
   "City founded by the French in 1608"
  ],
  [
   "Samuel de Champlain",
   "French explorer who founded Quebec"
  ],
  [
   "Henry Hudson",
   "English explorer working for the Dutch who sailed into the Hudson River in 1609"
  ],
  [
   "Peter Stuyvesant",
   "Last Dutch governor of New Amsterdam"
  ],
  [
   "St. Augustine",
   "Spanish settlement in Florida, founded in 1565, the oldest European-founded city in the US"
  ],
  [
   "Lost Colony of Roanoke",
   "English settlement in 1587 whose people had vanished by 1590"
  ],
  [
   "Virginia Dare",
   "First English child born in the Americas, at Roanoke in 1587"
  ]
 ]
}