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1607	Jamestown, Virginia, became the first lasting English settlement in North America		us-colonial-america
1619	The first enslaved Africans were brought to English Virginia; the House of Burgesses also first met		us-colonial-america
1620	The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the Mayflower		us-colonial-america
Mayflower Compact	A 1620 agreement by the Pilgrims to make fair laws and obey them		us-colonial-america
1621	The Pilgrims and Wampanoag shared a harvest feast, often called the first Thanksgiving		us-colonial-america
1630	Puritans led by John Winthrop founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony		us-colonial-america
1636	Roger Williams founded Rhode Island; Harvard College was also founded		us-colonial-america
1624	The Dutch began settling New Netherland, which later became New York		us-colonial-america
1664	England took New Amsterdam from the Dutch and renamed it New York		us-colonial-america
1682	William Penn founded Pennsylvania with Philadelphia as its city		us-colonial-america
1732	Georgia, the last of the 13 colonies, was founded by James Oglethorpe		us-colonial-america
1692	The Salem witch trials took place in Massachusetts		us-colonial-america
1754	The French and Indian War began in North America		us-colonial-america
1763	The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War; Britain won Canada		us-colonial-america
Proclamation of 1763	British order that kept colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains		us-colonial-america
Thirteen colonies	The British colonies on the Atlantic coast that became the first US states		us-colonial-america
New England Colonies	Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut		us-colonial-america
Middle Colonies	New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware		us-colonial-america
Southern Colonies	Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia		us-colonial-america
Jamestown's early leader	Captain John Smith, who insisted that settlers who did not work would not eat		us-colonial-america
Pocahontas	A Powhatan girl connected to Jamestown who later married colonist John Rolfe		us-colonial-america
John Rolfe	Jamestown settler whose tobacco crop made Virginia profitable		us-colonial-america
Cash crop	A crop grown mainly to be sold, like tobacco in Virginia		us-colonial-america
Squanto	A Patuxet man who taught the Pilgrims to grow corn and fish		us-colonial-america
William Bradford	Governor of Plymouth Colony for many years		us-colonial-america
Anne Hutchinson	A Puritan woman banished from Massachusetts for her religious ideas		us-colonial-america
Roger Williams	Believed in separating church and government and in fair treatment of Native Americans		us-colonial-america
Lord Baltimore	Founder of Maryland, planned as a home for English Catholics		us-colonial-america
William Penn	A Quaker who made Pennsylvania a place of religious freedom		us-colonial-america
Quakers	A Christian group that valued peace and equality		us-colonial-america
Puritans	English Protestants who wanted to make the church simpler and purer		us-colonial-america
Pilgrims	Separatists who left England to worship in their own way		us-colonial-america
Separatists	People who wanted to break away from the Church of England		us-colonial-america
Indentured servant	A person who worked for a set number of years to pay for the trip to America		us-colonial-america
Headright system	Virginia plan that gave land to anyone who paid for a settler's trip		us-colonial-america
House of Burgesses	The first elected lawmaking group in the English colonies, started in Virginia in 1619		us-colonial-america
Town meeting	A New England gathering where townspeople voted on local matters		us-colonial-america
Triangular trade	Trade routes linking New England, Africa and the West Indies		us-colonial-america
Middle Passage	The forced sea voyage that carried enslaved Africans across the Atlantic		us-colonial-america
Plantation	A large farm in the South that grew crops like tobacco, rice and indigo		us-colonial-america
Slavery in the colonies	Forced labor of enslaved Africans, legal in all thirteen colonies at the time		us-colonial-america
Great Awakening	A religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s that spread through the colonies		us-colonial-america
Jonathan Edwards	Preacher and leader of the Great Awakening		us-colonial-america
Benjamin Franklin	Printer and inventor in Philadelphia; proposed the Albany Plan of Union in 1754		us-colonial-america
Albany Plan	Franklin's 1754 idea to unite the colonies for defense		us-colonial-america
Join, or Die	Franklin's cartoon of a snake cut in pieces, urging the colonies to unite		us-colonial-america
George Washington	A young Virginian who fought in the French and Indian War		us-colonial-america
Fort Necessity	Small fort in Pennsylvania where Washington fought the French in 1754		us-colonial-america
Mercantilism	The idea that colonies exist to make the mother country rich		us-colonial-america
Navigation Acts	British laws that made colonists trade mainly with Britain		us-colonial-america
Salutary neglect	Britain's loose enforcement of colonial laws before 1763		us-colonial-america
Charter	A written document from the king giving a colony the right to exist		us-colonial-america
Proprietary colony	A colony owned by one person or a family, like Pennsylvania		us-colonial-america
Royal colony	A colony ruled directly by the king through a governor		us-colonial-america
Virginia	The first of the thirteen colonies, founded at Jamestown		us-colonial-america
Plymouth Colony	The Pilgrims' settlement in Massachusetts, begun in 1620		us-colonial-america
Boston	Main city of Massachusetts Bay and a busy colonial port		us-colonial-america
Philadelphia	Largest colonial city by the 1770s; its name means brotherly love		us-colonial-america
Charleston	Main port of South Carolina		us-colonial-america
Williamsburg	Capital of colonial Virginia from 1699		us-colonial-america
Pennsylvania Dutch	German-speaking settlers in Pennsylvania		us-colonial-america
Hornbook	A paddle-shaped board that held a lesson sheet for young colonial students		us-colonial-america
New England Primer	A popular colonial reading book for children		us-colonial-america
Apprentice	A young person who learned a trade by working for a master		us-colonial-america
Blacksmith	Colonial worker who made tools and nails from iron		us-colonial-america
Cooper	Colonial craftsperson who made barrels		us-colonial-america
Wampanoag	Native nation in what is now Massachusetts who met the Pilgrims		us-colonial-america
Powhatan Confederacy	Alliance of Native nations in tidewater Virginia		us-colonial-america
King Philip's War	1675-1676 conflict between New England colonists and Native nations led by Metacom		us-colonial-america
Metacom	Wampanoag leader, called King Philip by the English		us-colonial-america
Fur trade	Trade in animal pelts, important to the French and Dutch in North America		us-colonial-america
New France	French territory in North America, centered on Quebec		us-colonial-america
Quebec	City founded by the French in 1608		us-colonial-america
Samuel de Champlain	French explorer who founded Quebec		us-colonial-america
Henry Hudson	English explorer working for the Dutch who sailed into the Hudson River in 1609		us-colonial-america
Peter Stuyvesant	Last Dutch governor of New Amsterdam		us-colonial-america
St. Augustine	Spanish settlement in Florida, founded in 1565, the oldest European-founded city in the US		us-colonial-america
Lost Colony of Roanoke	English settlement in 1587 whose people had vanished by 1590		us-colonial-america
Virginia Dare	First English child born in the Americas, at Roanoke in 1587		us-colonial-america