{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-constitutional-amendments",
 "id": "us-constitutional-amendments",
 "title": "All 27 Amendments",
 "category": "social-studies",
 "subject": "Civics",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "What each of the 27 amendments to the Constitution says, with the year of ratification.",
 "tags": [
  "amendments",
  "constitution",
  "rights"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Amendment",
 "backLabel": "What it does",
 "cards": [
  [
   "1st Amendment (1791)",
   "Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition"
  ],
  [
   "2nd Amendment (1791)",
   "The right to keep and bear arms"
  ],
  [
   "3rd Amendment (1791)",
   "Limits quartering soldiers in private homes"
  ],
  [
   "4th Amendment (1791)",
   "Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures"
  ],
  [
   "5th Amendment (1791)",
   "Due process, no double jeopardy, no forced self-incrimination"
  ],
  [
   "6th Amendment (1791)",
   "Rights of the accused: speedy public trial, jury, lawyer"
  ],
  [
   "7th Amendment (1791)",
   "Right to a jury trial in many civil cases"
  ],
  [
   "8th Amendment (1791)",
   "No excessive bail or fines; no cruel and unusual punishment"
  ],
  [
   "9th Amendment (1791)",
   "Rights not listed are still kept by the people"
  ],
  [
   "10th Amendment (1791)",
   "Powers not given to the federal government belong to states or the people"
  ],
  [
   "11th Amendment (1795)",
   "Limits suing a state in federal court by citizens of other states"
  ],
  [
   "12th Amendment (1804)",
   "Electors vote separately for president and vice president"
  ],
  [
   "13th Amendment (1865)",
   "Ended slavery in the United States"
  ],
  [
   "14th Amendment (1868)",
   "Citizenship for all born in the US; equal protection and due process for all persons"
  ],
  [
   "15th Amendment (1870)",
   "Voting rights cannot be denied because of race"
  ],
  [
   "16th Amendment (1913)",
   "Allows Congress to collect an income tax"
  ],
  [
   "17th Amendment (1913)",
   "Senators are elected directly by the people"
  ],
  [
   "18th Amendment (1919)",
   "Prohibited making and selling alcohol"
  ],
  [
   "19th Amendment (1920)",
   "Women have the right to vote"
  ],
  [
   "20th Amendment (1933)",
   "Sets the start dates for presidents' and Congress's terms; the 'lame duck' amendment"
  ],
  [
   "21st Amendment (1933)",
   "Repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition"
  ],
  [
   "22nd Amendment (1951)",
   "Limits a president to two elected terms"
  ],
  [
   "23rd Amendment (1961)",
   "Gives Washington, DC electoral votes for president"
  ],
  [
   "24th Amendment (1964)",
   "Bans poll taxes in federal elections"
  ],
  [
   "25th Amendment (1967)",
   "Explains what happens if a president cannot serve, and fills vice presidential vacancies"
  ],
  [
   "26th Amendment (1971)",
   "Lowered the voting age to 18"
  ],
  [
   "27th Amendment (1992)",
   "Congress's pay changes cannot take effect until after the next election"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendments ended slavery and protected rights after the Civil War?",
   "The 13th, 14th and 15th, called the Reconstruction Amendments"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendments expand voting rights?",
   "15th (race), 19th (women), 23rd (DC), 24th (no poll tax), 26th (age 18)"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment created the income tax?",
   "The 16th"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment is Prohibition?",
   "The 18th (it was repealed by the 21st)"
  ],
  [
   "Which is the only amendment that repealed another?",
   "The 21st repealed the 18th"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment lowered the voting age?",
   "The 26th"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment gave women the vote?",
   "The 19th"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment has the Due Process Clause for states?",
   "The 14th"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendment limits the president to two terms?",
   "The 22nd"
  ],
  [
   "Which amendments make up the Bill of Rights?",
   "The first ten"
  ],
  [
   "How long did the 27th Amendment take to ratify?",
   "Over 200 years: proposed in 1789, ratified in 1992"
  ],
  [
   "How many amendments were proposed by Congress and ratified?",
   "Twenty-seven have been ratified"
  ],
  [
   "Who proposes amendments?",
   "Two-thirds of Congress, or a convention requested by two-thirds of states"
  ],
  [
   "Who ratifies amendments?",
   "Three-fourths of the states"
  ],
  [
   "Does the president sign amendments?",
   "No; the president has no formal role in ratifying them"
  ],
  [
   "Equal protection clause",
   "Part of the 14th Amendment requiring states to treat people equally under the law"
  ],
  [
   "Birthright citizenship",
   "The 14th Amendment says people born in the US are citizens"
  ],
  [
   "Direct election",
   "Voters choose a leader without electors, as with senators after 1913"
  ],
  [
   "Poll tax",
   "A fee to vote, banned in federal elections by the 24th Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "Lame duck",
   "An official whose term is ending after an election; the 20th Amendment shortened that period"
  ],
  [
   "Inauguration date",
   "January 20, set by the 20th Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "Electoral votes for DC",
   "Three, granted by the 23rd Amendment"
  ],
  [
   "Suffrage",
   "The right to vote"
  ],
  [
   "Prohibition",
   "National ban on alcohol, 1920-1933"
  ],
  [
   "Repeal",
   "To cancel a law or amendment"
  ]
 ]
}