{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-roaring-twenties-depression",
 "id": "us-roaring-twenties-depression",
 "title": "The 1920s and the Great Depression",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "US History",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "From the Roaring Twenties through the stock market crash, hard times and the New Deal.",
 "tags": [
  "1920s",
  "great depression",
  "new deal",
  "dust bowl"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term or event",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Roaring Twenties",
   "The lively 1920s, a time of new products, jazz and rising prosperity for many"
  ],
  [
   "Jazz Age",
   "Nickname for the 1920s, when jazz music became popular"
  ],
  [
   "Harlem Renaissance",
   "1920s flowering of Black art, music and writing centered in Harlem, New York"
  ],
  [
   "Langston Hughes",
   "Poet of the Harlem Renaissance"
  ],
  [
   "Louis Armstrong",
   "Jazz trumpeter and singer who became a star in the 1920s"
  ],
  [
   "Duke Ellington",
   "Bandleader and composer who played at Harlem's Cotton Club"
  ],
  [
   "Prohibition",
   "Ban on making and selling alcohol, from 1920 to 1933"
  ],
  [
   "18th Amendment",
   "Started Prohibition"
  ],
  [
   "21st Amendment",
   "Ended Prohibition in 1933"
  ],
  [
   "Speakeasy",
   "Secret place that sold alcohol during Prohibition"
  ],
  [
   "Flapper",
   "Young woman of the 1920s known for short hair and modern fashion"
  ],
  [
   "Charles Lindbergh",
   "Made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, in 1927"
  ],
  [
   "Model T",
   "Henry Ford's affordable car, first sold in 1908"
  ],
  [
   "Assembly line",
   "Factory method where a product moves past workers, each doing one job"
  ],
  [
   "Henry Ford",
   "Car maker who made automobiles cheap enough for many families"
  ],
  [
   "Mass production",
   "Making large amounts of goods quickly using standard parts"
  ],
  [
   "Radio",
   "New in the 1920s; families gathered to hear music, news and ball games"
  ],
  [
   "Babe Ruth",
   "Baseball star who hit 60 home runs in 1927"
  ],
  [
   "Installment plan",
   "Buying now and paying in small payments over time"
  ],
  [
   "Red Scare (1919-20)",
   "Fear of communists and radicals after World War I"
  ],
  [
   "Immigration quotas",
   "1920s laws limiting how many people could come from each country"
  ],
  [
   "Scopes Trial (1925)",
   "Tennessee trial over teaching evolution in public schools"
  ],
  [
   "Calvin Coolidge",
   "President from 1923 to 1929, known for supporting business"
  ],
  [
   "Herbert Hoover",
   "President when the Great Depression began"
  ],
  [
   "Stock market",
   "Place where shares in companies are bought and sold"
  ],
  [
   "Buying on margin",
   "Buying stocks with borrowed money"
  ],
  [
   "Stock market crash (1929)",
   "Stock prices fell sharply in October 1929, starting the Great Depression"
  ],
  [
   "Black Tuesday",
   "October 29, 1929, one of the worst days of the crash"
  ],
  [
   "Great Depression",
   "Severe economic slump in the 1930s with many job losses"
  ],
  [
   "Unemployment",
   "When people who want jobs cannot find them"
  ],
  [
   "Bank run",
   "When many people try to withdraw money at once, and banks fail"
  ],
  [
   "Hoovervilles",
   "Camps of shacks for homeless people during the Depression"
  ],
  [
   "Bread line",
   "Line of hungry people waiting for free food"
  ],
  [
   "Soup kitchen",
   "Place serving free meals to people in need"
  ],
  [
   "Dust Bowl",
   "1930s drought and dust storms across the southern Plains"
  ],
  [
   "Black Sunday (1935)",
   "April 14, a giant dust storm on the Plains"
  ],
  [
   "Okies",
   "Nickname for people who left Oklahoma and nearby states for California"
  ],
  [
   "The Grapes of Wrath",
   "John Steinbeck's novel about a family leaving the Dust Bowl"
  ],
  [
   "Dorothea Lange",
   "Photographer whose pictures such as 'Migrant Mother' showed Depression hardship"
  ],
  [
   "Bonus Army (1932)",
   "Veterans who marched to Washington asking for early payment of a bonus"
  ],
  [
   "Smoot-Hawley Tariff",
   "1930 law raising taxes on imported goods, which hurt world trade"
  ],
  [
   "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
   "Elected in 1932; promised a New Deal"
  ],
  [
   "New Deal",
   "Roosevelt's programs for relief, recovery and reform"
  ],
  [
   "Fireside chats",
   "Roosevelt's radio talks explaining his plans in a calm voice"
  ],
  [
   "First hundred days",
   "Spring 1933, when Congress passed many New Deal laws quickly"
  ],
  [
   "Bank holiday (1933)",
   "Roosevelt closed banks briefly to check which were safe"
  ],
  [
   "FDIC",
   "Created in 1933 to insure bank deposits"
  ],
  [
   "Civilian Conservation Corps",
   "Gave young men jobs planting trees and building parks"
  ],
  [
   "Works Progress Administration",
   "Gave jobs building roads, schools and public art"
  ],
  [
   "Tennessee Valley Authority",
   "Built dams and brought electricity to the Tennessee River region"
  ],
  [
   "Social Security Act (1935)",
   "Created pensions for older Americans and help for the unemployed"
  ],
  [
   "SEC",
   "Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees stock markets, formed in 1934"
  ],
  [
   "Wagner Act (1935)",
   "Protected workers' right to form unions"
  ],
  [
   "Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)",
   "Set a minimum wage and a maximum workweek and limited child labor"
  ],
  [
   "Eleanor Roosevelt",
   "First lady who spoke out for the poor and for civil rights"
  ],
  [
   "Mary McLeod Bethune",
   "Educator who advised FDR and led efforts on Black youth issues"
  ],
  [
   "Frances Perkins",
   "First woman in a US cabinet, Secretary of Labor under FDR"
  ],
  [
   "Huey Long",
   "Louisiana senator who proposed the Share Our Wealth plan"
  ],
  [
   "Court-packing plan (1937)",
   "Roosevelt's failed plan to add more Supreme Court justices"
  ],
  [
   "Hindenburg disaster (1937)",
   "German airship burst into flames in New Jersey"
  ],
  [
   "Amelia Earhart",
   "Pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic in 1932 and vanished in 1937"
  ],
  [
   "Jesse Owens",
   "Track star who won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics"
  ],
  [
   "Joe Louis",
   "Heavyweight boxing champion who became a national hero"
  ],
  [
   "Radio dramas",
   "Shows like The Shadow and Fibber McGee entertained families"
  ],
  [
   "Gone with the Wind",
   "1939 film that won many Academy Awards"
  ],
  [
   "The Wizard of Oz",
   "Film released in 1939"
  ],
  [
   "Monopoly game",
   "Board game that became popular during the Depression"
  ],
  [
   "Hoover Dam",
   "Huge dam on the Colorado River finished in 1936"
  ],
  [
   "Golden Gate Bridge",
   "San Francisco bridge opened in 1937"
  ],
  [
   "Empire State Building",
   "New York skyscraper opened in 1931, then the world's tallest"
  ],
  [
   "Recession",
   "A period of falling business activity and rising unemployment"
  ],
  [
   "Deflation",
   "A general fall in prices"
  ],
  [
   "Relief, recovery, reform",
   "The three Rs: the main goals of the New Deal"
  ],
  [
   "Mexican repatriation",
   "In the 1930s many Mexican Americans were pressured or forced to leave the US"
  ],
  [
   "End of the Depression",
   "Defense spending for World War II finally brought full employment"
  ]
 ]
}