#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Roaring Twenties The lively 1920s, a time of new products, jazz and rising prosperity for many us-roaring-twenties-depression Jazz Age Nickname for the 1920s, when jazz music became popular us-roaring-twenties-depression Harlem Renaissance 1920s flowering of Black art, music and writing centered in Harlem, New York us-roaring-twenties-depression Langston Hughes Poet of the Harlem Renaissance us-roaring-twenties-depression Louis Armstrong Jazz trumpeter and singer who became a star in the 1920s us-roaring-twenties-depression Duke Ellington Bandleader and composer who played at Harlem's Cotton Club us-roaring-twenties-depression Prohibition Ban on making and selling alcohol, from 1920 to 1933 us-roaring-twenties-depression 18th Amendment Started Prohibition us-roaring-twenties-depression 21st Amendment Ended Prohibition in 1933 us-roaring-twenties-depression Speakeasy Secret place that sold alcohol during Prohibition us-roaring-twenties-depression Flapper Young woman of the 1920s known for short hair and modern fashion us-roaring-twenties-depression Charles Lindbergh Made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, in 1927 us-roaring-twenties-depression Model T Henry Ford's affordable car, first sold in 1908 us-roaring-twenties-depression Assembly line Factory method where a product moves past workers, each doing one job us-roaring-twenties-depression Henry Ford Car maker who made automobiles cheap enough for many families us-roaring-twenties-depression Mass production Making large amounts of goods quickly using standard parts us-roaring-twenties-depression Radio New in the 1920s; families gathered to hear music, news and ball games us-roaring-twenties-depression Babe Ruth Baseball star who hit 60 home runs in 1927 us-roaring-twenties-depression Installment plan Buying now and paying in small payments over time us-roaring-twenties-depression Red Scare (1919-20) Fear of communists and radicals after World War I us-roaring-twenties-depression Immigration quotas 1920s laws limiting how many people could come from each country us-roaring-twenties-depression Scopes Trial (1925) Tennessee trial over teaching evolution in public schools us-roaring-twenties-depression Calvin Coolidge President from 1923 to 1929, known for supporting business us-roaring-twenties-depression Herbert Hoover President when the Great Depression began us-roaring-twenties-depression Stock market Place where shares in companies are bought and sold us-roaring-twenties-depression Buying on margin Buying stocks with borrowed money us-roaring-twenties-depression Stock market crash (1929) Stock prices fell sharply in October 1929, starting the Great Depression us-roaring-twenties-depression Black Tuesday October 29, 1929, one of the worst days of the crash us-roaring-twenties-depression Great Depression Severe economic slump in the 1930s with many job losses us-roaring-twenties-depression Unemployment When people who want jobs cannot find them us-roaring-twenties-depression Bank run When many people try to withdraw money at once, and banks fail us-roaring-twenties-depression Hoovervilles Camps of shacks for homeless people during the Depression us-roaring-twenties-depression Bread line Line of hungry people waiting for free food us-roaring-twenties-depression Soup kitchen Place serving free meals to people in need us-roaring-twenties-depression Dust Bowl 1930s drought and dust storms across the southern Plains us-roaring-twenties-depression Black Sunday (1935) April 14, a giant dust storm on the Plains us-roaring-twenties-depression Okies Nickname for people who left Oklahoma and nearby states for California us-roaring-twenties-depression The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck's novel about a family leaving the Dust Bowl us-roaring-twenties-depression Dorothea Lange Photographer whose pictures such as 'Migrant Mother' showed Depression hardship us-roaring-twenties-depression Bonus Army (1932) Veterans who marched to Washington asking for early payment of a bonus us-roaring-twenties-depression Smoot-Hawley Tariff 1930 law raising taxes on imported goods, which hurt world trade us-roaring-twenties-depression Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected in 1932; promised a New Deal us-roaring-twenties-depression New Deal Roosevelt's programs for relief, recovery and reform us-roaring-twenties-depression Fireside chats Roosevelt's radio talks explaining his plans in a calm voice us-roaring-twenties-depression First hundred days Spring 1933, when Congress passed many New Deal laws quickly us-roaring-twenties-depression Bank holiday (1933) Roosevelt closed banks briefly to check which were safe us-roaring-twenties-depression FDIC Created in 1933 to insure bank deposits us-roaring-twenties-depression Civilian Conservation Corps Gave young men jobs planting trees and building parks us-roaring-twenties-depression Works Progress Administration Gave jobs building roads, schools and public art us-roaring-twenties-depression Tennessee Valley Authority Built dams and brought electricity to the Tennessee River region us-roaring-twenties-depression Social Security Act (1935) Created pensions for older Americans and help for the unemployed us-roaring-twenties-depression SEC Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees stock markets, formed in 1934 us-roaring-twenties-depression Wagner Act (1935) Protected workers' right to form unions us-roaring-twenties-depression Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) Set a minimum wage and a maximum workweek and limited child labor us-roaring-twenties-depression Eleanor Roosevelt First lady who spoke out for the poor and for civil rights us-roaring-twenties-depression Mary McLeod Bethune Educator who advised FDR and led efforts on Black youth issues us-roaring-twenties-depression Frances Perkins First woman in a US cabinet, Secretary of Labor under FDR us-roaring-twenties-depression Huey Long Louisiana senator who proposed the Share Our Wealth plan us-roaring-twenties-depression Court-packing plan (1937) Roosevelt's failed plan to add more Supreme Court justices us-roaring-twenties-depression Hindenburg disaster (1937) German airship burst into flames in New Jersey us-roaring-twenties-depression Amelia Earhart Pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic in 1932 and vanished in 1937 us-roaring-twenties-depression Jesse Owens Track star who won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics us-roaring-twenties-depression Joe Louis Heavyweight boxing champion who became a national hero us-roaring-twenties-depression Radio dramas Shows like The Shadow and Fibber McGee entertained families us-roaring-twenties-depression Gone with the Wind 1939 film that won many Academy Awards us-roaring-twenties-depression The Wizard of Oz Film released in 1939 us-roaring-twenties-depression Monopoly game Board game that became popular during the Depression us-roaring-twenties-depression Hoover Dam Huge dam on the Colorado River finished in 1936 us-roaring-twenties-depression Golden Gate Bridge San Francisco bridge opened in 1937 us-roaring-twenties-depression Empire State Building New York skyscraper opened in 1931, then the world's tallest us-roaring-twenties-depression Recession A period of falling business activity and rising unemployment us-roaring-twenties-depression Deflation A general fall in prices us-roaring-twenties-depression Relief, recovery, reform The three Rs: the main goals of the New Deal us-roaring-twenties-depression Mexican repatriation In the 1930s many Mexican Americans were pressured or forced to leave the US us-roaring-twenties-depression End of the Depression Defense spending for World War II finally brought full employment us-roaring-twenties-depression