Roaring Twenties: The lively 1920s, a time of new products, jazz and rising prosperity for many Jazz Age: Nickname for the 1920s, when jazz music became popular Harlem Renaissance: 1920s flowering of Black art, music and writing centered in Harlem, New York Langston Hughes: Poet of the Harlem Renaissance Louis Armstrong: Jazz trumpeter and singer who became a star in the 1920s Duke Ellington: Bandleader and composer who played at Harlem's Cotton Club Prohibition: Ban on making and selling alcohol, from 1920 to 1933 18th Amendment: Started Prohibition 21st Amendment: Ended Prohibition in 1933 Speakeasy: Secret place that sold alcohol during Prohibition Flapper: Young woman of the 1920s known for short hair and modern fashion Charles Lindbergh: Made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, in 1927 Model T: Henry Ford's affordable car, first sold in 1908 Assembly line: Factory method where a product moves past workers, each doing one job Henry Ford: Car maker who made automobiles cheap enough for many families Mass production: Making large amounts of goods quickly using standard parts Radio: New in the 1920s; families gathered to hear music, news and ball games Babe Ruth: Baseball star who hit 60 home runs in 1927 Installment plan: Buying now and paying in small payments over time Red Scare (1919-20): Fear of communists and radicals after World War I Immigration quotas: 1920s laws limiting how many people could come from each country Scopes Trial (1925): Tennessee trial over teaching evolution in public schools Calvin Coolidge: President from 1923 to 1929, known for supporting business Herbert Hoover: President when the Great Depression began Stock market: Place where shares in companies are bought and sold Buying on margin: Buying stocks with borrowed money Stock market crash (1929): Stock prices fell sharply in October 1929, starting the Great Depression Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, one of the worst days of the crash Great Depression: Severe economic slump in the 1930s with many job losses Unemployment: When people who want jobs cannot find them Bank run: When many people try to withdraw money at once, and banks fail Hoovervilles: Camps of shacks for homeless people during the Depression Bread line: Line of hungry people waiting for free food Soup kitchen: Place serving free meals to people in need Dust Bowl: 1930s drought and dust storms across the southern Plains Black Sunday (1935): April 14, a giant dust storm on the Plains Okies: Nickname for people who left Oklahoma and nearby states for California The Grapes of Wrath: John Steinbeck's novel about a family leaving the Dust Bowl Dorothea Lange: Photographer whose pictures such as 'Migrant Mother' showed Depression hardship Bonus Army (1932): Veterans who marched to Washington asking for early payment of a bonus Smoot-Hawley Tariff: 1930 law raising taxes on imported goods, which hurt world trade Franklin D. Roosevelt: Elected in 1932; promised a New Deal New Deal: Roosevelt's programs for relief, recovery and reform Fireside chats: Roosevelt's radio talks explaining his plans in a calm voice First hundred days: Spring 1933, when Congress passed many New Deal laws quickly Bank holiday (1933): Roosevelt closed banks briefly to check which were safe FDIC: Created in 1933 to insure bank deposits Civilian Conservation Corps: Gave young men jobs planting trees and building parks Works Progress Administration: Gave jobs building roads, schools and public art Tennessee Valley Authority: Built dams and brought electricity to the Tennessee River region Social Security Act (1935): Created pensions for older Americans and help for the unemployed SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees stock markets, formed in 1934 Wagner Act (1935): Protected workers' right to form unions Fair Labor Standards Act (1938): Set a minimum wage and a maximum workweek and limited child labor Eleanor Roosevelt: First lady who spoke out for the poor and for civil rights Mary McLeod Bethune: Educator who advised FDR and led efforts on Black youth issues Frances Perkins: First woman in a US cabinet, Secretary of Labor under FDR Huey Long: Louisiana senator who proposed the Share Our Wealth plan Court-packing plan (1937): Roosevelt's failed plan to add more Supreme Court justices Hindenburg disaster (1937): German airship burst into flames in New Jersey Amelia Earhart: Pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic in 1932 and vanished in 1937 Jesse Owens: Track star who won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics Joe Louis: Heavyweight boxing champion who became a national hero Radio dramas: Shows like The Shadow and Fibber McGee entertained families Gone with the Wind: 1939 film that won many Academy Awards The Wizard of Oz: Film released in 1939 Monopoly game: Board game that became popular during the Depression Hoover Dam: Huge dam on the Colorado River finished in 1936 Golden Gate Bridge: San Francisco bridge opened in 1937 Empire State Building: New York skyscraper opened in 1931, then the world's tallest Recession: A period of falling business activity and rising unemployment Deflation: A general fall in prices Relief, recovery, reform: The three Rs: the main goals of the New Deal Mexican repatriation: In the 1930s many Mexican Americans were pressured or forced to leave the US End of the Depression: Defense spending for World War II finally brought full employment Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/us-roaring-twenties-depression