{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/us-world-wars",
 "id": "us-world-wars",
 "title": "America in World War I and World War II",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "US History",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "How the United States entered, fought and was changed by the two world wars.",
 "tags": [
  "world war i",
  "world war ii",
  "home front",
  "pearl harbor"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term or event",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "World War I",
   "Global war from 1914 to 1918 among the Allies and the Central Powers"
  ],
  [
   "Allied Powers",
   "Britain, France, Russia and later the US and Italy"
  ],
  [
   "Central Powers",
   "Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria"
  ],
  [
   "Archduke Franz Ferdinand",
   "Austrian heir whose 1914 assassination set off the war"
  ],
  [
   "Neutrality",
   "Not taking sides in a war; the US stayed neutral until 1917"
  ],
  [
   "Lusitania (1915)",
   "British passenger ship sunk by a German submarine, killing 128 Americans"
  ],
  [
   "Zimmermann Telegram",
   "Secret 1917 German message proposing an alliance with Mexico, which angered Americans"
  ],
  [
   "US enters WWI (April 1917)",
   "Congress declared war on Germany after submarine attacks"
  ],
  [
   "Woodrow Wilson",
   "President during World War I who proposed the Fourteen Points"
  ],
  [
   "Fourteen Points",
   "Wilson's plan for peace, including a League of Nations"
  ],
  [
   "American Expeditionary Forces",
   "US troops sent to Europe, led by General John Pershing"
  ],
  [
   "John J. Pershing",
   "Commander of US forces in Europe in WWI"
  ],
  [
   "Trench warfare",
   "Fighting from long ditches, common on the Western Front"
  ],
  [
   "Armistice (Nov. 11, 1918)",
   "Cease-fire that ended the fighting in World War I"
  ],
  [
   "Treaty of Versailles",
   "1919 peace treaty with Germany"
  ],
  [
   "League of Nations",
   "International group meant to keep peace; the US Senate refused to join"
  ],
  [
   "Liberty bonds",
   "War bonds citizens bought to lend money to the government"
  ],
  [
   "Selective Service",
   "System for drafting people into the military"
  ],
  [
   "19th Amendment (1920)",
   "Gave women the right to vote"
  ],
  [
   "Great Migration",
   "Millions of Black Americans moved from the South to northern cities, starting around 1916"
  ],
  [
   "Rise of dictators",
   "In the 1930s Hitler, Mussolini and others took power in Europe and Japan expanded in Asia"
  ],
  [
   "World War II",
   "Global war from 1939 to 1945"
  ],
  [
   "Axis Powers",
   "Germany, Italy and Japan"
  ],
  [
   "Allies in WWII",
   "Britain, the Soviet Union, the US, China and others"
  ],
  [
   "Adolf Hitler",
   "Nazi dictator of Germany who started the war"
  ],
  [
   "Neutrality Acts",
   "1930s laws trying to keep the US out of foreign wars"
  ],
  [
   "Lend-Lease Act (1941)",
   "Let the US supply weapons and goods to Allies"
  ],
  [
   "Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)",
   "Japan's surprise attack on the US naval base in Hawaii"
  ],
  [
   "Infamous date",
   "FDR called December 7, 1941 'a date which will live in infamy'"
  ],
  [
   "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
   "President during most of the Depression and World War II"
  ],
  [
   "Holocaust",
   "Nazi Germany's murder of six million Jewish people and millions of others"
  ],
  [
   "D-Day (June 6, 1944)",
   "Allied landing in Normandy, France, the largest sea invasion ever"
  ],
  [
   "Dwight Eisenhower",
   "Supreme Allied commander in Europe; later president"
  ],
  [
   "Normandy",
   "Region of France where the D-Day landings occurred"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of the Bulge (1944-45)",
   "Germany's last big attack in the West, in Belgium"
  ],
  [
   "V-E Day (May 8, 1945)",
   "Victory in Europe: Germany surrendered"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Midway (1942)",
   "Naval battle that turned the Pacific war toward the US"
  ],
  [
   "Island hopping",
   "US plan to take key Pacific islands and skip others"
  ],
  [
   "Iwo Jima",
   "Pacific island taken by US Marines in 1945; famous flag-raising photo"
  ],
  [
   "Douglas MacArthur",
   "General who led US forces in the Pacific"
  ],
  [
   "Chester Nimitz",
   "Admiral in charge of the US Pacific Fleet"
  ],
  [
   "Manhattan Project",
   "Secret US program that built the first atomic bombs"
  ],
  [
   "Atomic bombs (Aug. 1945)",
   "Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, before Japan's surrender"
  ],
  [
   "V-J Day (Aug. 14-15, 1945)",
   "Japan announced surrender; formal signing on September 2"
  ],
  [
   "United Nations",
   "International organization formed in 1945 to keep peace"
  ],
  [
   "Home front",
   "What people did at home to support the war"
  ],
  [
   "Rationing",
   "Limiting how much of items like sugar, gas and rubber people could buy"
  ],
  [
   "Victory garden",
   "Home vegetable garden planted to ease food shortages"
  ],
  [
   "Rosie the Riveter",
   "Symbol of women who worked in factories during the war"
  ],
  [
   "War bonds",
   "Savings bonds sold to help pay for the war"
  ],
  [
   "Scrap drives",
   "Families collected metal, rubber and paper for the war effort"
  ],
  [
   "Tuskegee Airmen",
   "Black fighter pilots who trained in Alabama and served with honor"
  ],
  [
   "Navajo Code Talkers",
   "Marines who used the Navajo language to send unbreakable messages"
  ],
  [
   "442nd Regimental Combat Team",
   "Japanese American unit that became the most decorated for its size"
  ],
  [
   "Japanese American incarceration",
   "Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced from their homes to camps; it is now seen as a grave injustice"
  ],
  [
   "Executive Order 9066",
   "1942 order that allowed the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast"
  ],
  [
   "Women's Army Corps",
   "Created in 1942 so women could serve in the Army"
  ],
  [
   "WASP",
   "Women Airforce Service Pilots, who flew military aircraft within the US"
  ],
  [
   "G.I. Bill (1944)",
   "Gave veterans help with college, loans and housing"
  ],
  [
   "Yalta Conference (1945)",
   "Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin planned the end of the war"
  ],
  [
   "Winston Churchill",
   "British prime minister during most of the war"
  ],
  [
   "Joseph Stalin",
   "Leader of the Soviet Union"
  ],
  [
   "Harry Truman",
   "Became president when FDR died in April 1945"
  ],
  [
   "Marshall Plan (1948)",
   "US aid that helped rebuild Western Europe"
  ],
  [
   "Nuremberg Trials",
   "Courts that tried Nazi leaders for war crimes"
  ],
  [
   "Anne Frank",
   "Jewish girl whose diary describes hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam"
  ],
  [
   "Code breaking",
   "Allied codebreakers broke Axis codes and helped win key battles"
  ],
  [
   "Radar",
   "Technology using radio waves to find aircraft and ships"
  ],
  [
   "Sgt. Alvin York",
   "WWI soldier famed for bravery in the Argonne Forest"
  ],
  [
   "Harlem Hellfighters",
   "369th Infantry, a Black regiment that fought with French forces in WWI"
  ],
  [
   "Spanish flu (1918)",
   "Worldwide flu outbreak that killed millions near the end of WWI"
  ],
  [
   "Red Cross in wartime",
   "Helped wounded soldiers and war refugees"
  ],
  [
   "Total war",
   "When a country uses all its resources, including factories and citizens, for war"
  ]
 ]
}