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World War I	Global war from 1914 to 1918 among the Allies and the Central Powers		us-world-wars
Allied Powers	Britain, France, Russia and later the US and Italy		us-world-wars
Central Powers	Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria		us-world-wars
Archduke Franz Ferdinand	Austrian heir whose 1914 assassination set off the war		us-world-wars
Neutrality	Not taking sides in a war; the US stayed neutral until 1917		us-world-wars
Lusitania (1915)	British passenger ship sunk by a German submarine, killing 128 Americans		us-world-wars
Zimmermann Telegram	Secret 1917 German message proposing an alliance with Mexico, which angered Americans		us-world-wars
US enters WWI (April 1917)	Congress declared war on Germany after submarine attacks		us-world-wars
Woodrow Wilson	President during World War I who proposed the Fourteen Points		us-world-wars
Fourteen Points	Wilson's plan for peace, including a League of Nations		us-world-wars
American Expeditionary Forces	US troops sent to Europe, led by General John Pershing		us-world-wars
John J. Pershing	Commander of US forces in Europe in WWI		us-world-wars
Trench warfare	Fighting from long ditches, common on the Western Front		us-world-wars
Armistice (Nov. 11, 1918)	Cease-fire that ended the fighting in World War I		us-world-wars
Treaty of Versailles	1919 peace treaty with Germany		us-world-wars
League of Nations	International group meant to keep peace; the US Senate refused to join		us-world-wars
Liberty bonds	War bonds citizens bought to lend money to the government		us-world-wars
Selective Service	System for drafting people into the military		us-world-wars
19th Amendment (1920)	Gave women the right to vote		us-world-wars
Great Migration	Millions of Black Americans moved from the South to northern cities, starting around 1916		us-world-wars
Rise of dictators	In the 1930s Hitler, Mussolini and others took power in Europe and Japan expanded in Asia		us-world-wars
World War II	Global war from 1939 to 1945		us-world-wars
Axis Powers	Germany, Italy and Japan		us-world-wars
Allies in WWII	Britain, the Soviet Union, the US, China and others		us-world-wars
Adolf Hitler	Nazi dictator of Germany who started the war		us-world-wars
Neutrality Acts	1930s laws trying to keep the US out of foreign wars		us-world-wars
Lend-Lease Act (1941)	Let the US supply weapons and goods to Allies		us-world-wars
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)	Japan's surprise attack on the US naval base in Hawaii		us-world-wars
Infamous date	FDR called December 7, 1941 'a date which will live in infamy'		us-world-wars
Franklin D. Roosevelt	President during most of the Depression and World War II		us-world-wars
Holocaust	Nazi Germany's murder of six million Jewish people and millions of others		us-world-wars
D-Day (June 6, 1944)	Allied landing in Normandy, France, the largest sea invasion ever		us-world-wars
Dwight Eisenhower	Supreme Allied commander in Europe; later president		us-world-wars
Normandy	Region of France where the D-Day landings occurred		us-world-wars
Battle of the Bulge (1944-45)	Germany's last big attack in the West, in Belgium		us-world-wars
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)	Victory in Europe: Germany surrendered		us-world-wars
Battle of Midway (1942)	Naval battle that turned the Pacific war toward the US		us-world-wars
Island hopping	US plan to take key Pacific islands and skip others		us-world-wars
Iwo Jima	Pacific island taken by US Marines in 1945; famous flag-raising photo		us-world-wars
Douglas MacArthur	General who led US forces in the Pacific		us-world-wars
Chester Nimitz	Admiral in charge of the US Pacific Fleet		us-world-wars
Manhattan Project	Secret US program that built the first atomic bombs		us-world-wars
Atomic bombs (Aug. 1945)	Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, before Japan's surrender		us-world-wars
V-J Day (Aug. 14-15, 1945)	Japan announced surrender; formal signing on September 2		us-world-wars
United Nations	International organization formed in 1945 to keep peace		us-world-wars
Home front	What people did at home to support the war		us-world-wars
Rationing	Limiting how much of items like sugar, gas and rubber people could buy		us-world-wars
Victory garden	Home vegetable garden planted to ease food shortages		us-world-wars
Rosie the Riveter	Symbol of women who worked in factories during the war		us-world-wars
War bonds	Savings bonds sold to help pay for the war		us-world-wars
Scrap drives	Families collected metal, rubber and paper for the war effort		us-world-wars
Tuskegee Airmen	Black fighter pilots who trained in Alabama and served with honor		us-world-wars
Navajo Code Talkers	Marines who used the Navajo language to send unbreakable messages		us-world-wars
442nd Regimental Combat Team	Japanese American unit that became the most decorated for its size		us-world-wars
Japanese American incarceration	Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced from their homes to camps; it is now seen as a grave injustice		us-world-wars
Executive Order 9066	1942 order that allowed the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast		us-world-wars
Women's Army Corps	Created in 1942 so women could serve in the Army		us-world-wars
WASP	Women Airforce Service Pilots, who flew military aircraft within the US		us-world-wars
G.I. Bill (1944)	Gave veterans help with college, loans and housing		us-world-wars
Yalta Conference (1945)	Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin planned the end of the war		us-world-wars
Winston Churchill	British prime minister during most of the war		us-world-wars
Joseph Stalin	Leader of the Soviet Union		us-world-wars
Harry Truman	Became president when FDR died in April 1945		us-world-wars
Marshall Plan (1948)	US aid that helped rebuild Western Europe		us-world-wars
Nuremberg Trials	Courts that tried Nazi leaders for war crimes		us-world-wars
Anne Frank	Jewish girl whose diary describes hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam		us-world-wars
Code breaking	Allied codebreakers broke Axis codes and helped win key battles		us-world-wars
Radar	Technology using radio waves to find aircraft and ships		us-world-wars
Sgt. Alvin York	WWI soldier famed for bravery in the Argonne Forest		us-world-wars
Harlem Hellfighters	369th Infantry, a Black regiment that fought with French forces in WWI		us-world-wars
Spanish flu (1918)	Worldwide flu outbreak that killed millions near the end of WWI		us-world-wars
Red Cross in wartime	Helped wounded soldiers and war refugees		us-world-wars
Total war	When a country uses all its resources, including factories and citizens, for war		us-world-wars