{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/world-ancient-greece",
 "id": "world-ancient-greece",
 "title": "Ancient Greece",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "World History",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "City-states, democracy, philosophers, myths, the Olympics and Alexander the Great.",
 "tags": [
  "greece",
  "athens",
  "sparta",
  "democracy",
  "olympics"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Polis",
   "A Greek city-state with its own government"
  ],
  [
   "Acropolis",
   "High hill in a Greek city with temples; the Parthenon is on Athens's"
  ],
  [
   "Parthenon",
   "Temple to Athena in Athens, built in the 400s BCE"
  ],
  [
   "Agora",
   "Open marketplace and meeting place"
  ],
  [
   "Athens",
   "City-state known for democracy, art and learning"
  ],
  [
   "Sparta",
   "City-state known for its strong military"
  ],
  [
   "Democracy",
   "Government by the people; began in Athens"
  ],
  [
   "Cleisthenes",
   "Athenian leader who set up reforms that began democracy, about 508 BCE"
  ],
  [
   "Citizen (Athens)",
   "Free adult male born to Athenian parents; women and enslaved people could not vote"
  ],
  [
   "Assembly",
   "Athenian meeting where citizens voted on laws"
  ],
  [
   "Pericles",
   "Athenian leader in the Golden Age who sponsored the Parthenon"
  ],
  [
   "Golden Age of Athens",
   "The 400s BCE, rich in art, theater and ideas"
  ],
  [
   "Oligarchy",
   "Rule by a few people, as in Sparta"
  ],
  [
   "Tyrant",
   "A ruler who took power without a legal right"
  ],
  [
   "Helots",
   "Enslaved people who farmed for Spartans"
  ],
  [
   "Spartan training",
   "Boys left home around age seven to train in the military school called the agoge"
  ],
  [
   "Persian Wars",
   "Greek city-states fought Persia from 499 to 449 BCE"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)",
   "Athens defeated a Persian force"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)",
   "300 Spartans and allies held a narrow pass against Persia"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)",
   "Greek ships won a sea battle against Persia"
  ],
  [
   "Delian League",
   "Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens"
  ],
  [
   "Peloponnesian War",
   "War between Athens and Sparta, 431-404 BCE; Sparta won"
  ],
  [
   "Socrates",
   "Philosopher who taught by asking questions"
  ],
  [
   "Socratic method",
   "Learning by asking and answering questions"
  ],
  [
   "Plato",
   "Student of Socrates who founded the Academy"
  ],
  [
   "Aristotle",
   "Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander; studied nearly every subject"
  ],
  [
   "Philosophy",
   "Greek for 'love of wisdom'"
  ],
  [
   "Hippocrates",
   "Physician called the father of medicine"
  ],
  [
   "Euclid",
   "Mathematician who wrote Elements, a famous geometry book"
  ],
  [
   "Pythagoras",
   "Greek thinker famous for the relationship of the sides of right triangles"
  ],
  [
   "Archimedes",
   "Greek scientist and inventor from Syracuse who explained levers and buoyancy"
  ],
  [
   "Herodotus",
   "Writer called the father of history"
  ],
  [
   "Thucydides",
   "Historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War"
  ],
  [
   "Homer",
   "Poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"
  ],
  [
   "Iliad",
   "Epic poem about the Trojan War"
  ],
  [
   "Odyssey",
   "Epic poem about Odysseus's long trip home"
  ],
  [
   "Trojan Horse",
   "Giant wooden horse in the myth used to enter Troy"
  ],
  [
   "Aesop",
   "Storyteller linked with fables like the Tortoise and the Hare"
  ],
  [
   "Sophocles",
   "Playwright who wrote Oedipus Rex"
  ],
  [
   "Greek tragedy",
   "Serious plays about heroes and their downfall"
  ],
  [
   "Greek comedy",
   "Funny plays; Aristophanes was a famous writer"
  ],
  [
   "Amphitheater",
   "Open-air theater with seats in a curve"
  ],
  [
   "Olympic Games",
   "Contests held at Olympia every four years, starting in 776 BCE by tradition"
  ],
  [
   "Olympia",
   "Site of the ancient Olympic Games"
  ],
  [
   "Marathon (race)",
   "Named for a legendary run from Marathon to Athens"
  ],
  [
   "Zeus",
   "King of the gods"
  ],
  [
   "Hera",
   "Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage"
  ],
  [
   "Poseidon",
   "God of the sea"
  ],
  [
   "Hades",
   "God of the underworld"
  ],
  [
   "Athena",
   "Goddess of wisdom and crafts; patron of Athens"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo",
   "God of music, light and healing"
  ],
  [
   "Artemis",
   "Goddess of the hunt and the Moon"
  ],
  [
   "Ares",
   "God of war"
  ],
  [
   "Aphrodite",
   "Goddess of love and beauty"
  ],
  [
   "Hermes",
   "Messenger of the gods"
  ],
  [
   "Demeter",
   "Goddess of the harvest"
  ],
  [
   "Dionysus",
   "God of wine and theater"
  ],
  [
   "Hephaestus",
   "God of fire and metalwork"
  ],
  [
   "Hercules",
   "Roman name for Heracles, a hero known for twelve labors"
  ],
  [
   "Perseus",
   "Hero who defeated Medusa"
  ],
  [
   "Mount Olympus",
   "Tallest mountain in Greece, home of the gods in myth"
  ],
  [
   "Oracle of Delphi",
   "Priestess who gave advice thought to come from Apollo"
  ],
  [
   "Myth",
   "Traditional story about gods and heroes"
  ],
  [
   "Hoplite",
   "Greek foot soldier with shield and spear"
  ],
  [
   "Phalanx",
   "Tight formation of soldiers with overlapping shields"
  ],
  [
   "Trireme",
   "Greek warship with three rows of oars"
  ],
  [
   "Greek columns",
   "Doric, Ionic and Corinthian styles"
  ],
  [
   "Amphora",
   "Tall clay jar with two handles"
  ],
  [
   "Alphabet",
   "Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels"
  ],
  [
   "Philip II",
   "King of Macedonia who united Greece"
  ],
  [
   "Alexander the Great",
   "Philip's son who conquered Persia and reached India by 326 BCE"
  ],
  [
   "Hellenistic Age",
   "Era after Alexander when Greek culture spread across his lands"
  ],
  [
   "Alexandria (Egypt)",
   "City Alexander founded; later a center of learning"
  ],
  [
   "Library of Alexandria",
   "Famous ancient library in Egypt"
  ],
  [
   "Colossus of Rhodes",
   "Giant statue of the sun god, one of the Seven Wonders"
  ],
  [
   "Roman conquest of Greece (146 BCE)",
   "Rome took control of Greece"
  ],
  [
   "Women in Athens",
   "Could not vote; most worked at home"
  ],
  [
   "Slavery in Greece",
   "Enslaved people did much of the labor in many city-states"
  ],
  [
   "Ostracism",
   "Vote to send a citizen away from Athens for ten years"
  ]
 ]
}