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Polis A Greek city-state with its own government world-ancient-greece
Acropolis High hill in a Greek city with temples; the Parthenon is on Athens's world-ancient-greece
Parthenon Temple to Athena in Athens, built in the 400s BCE world-ancient-greece
Agora Open marketplace and meeting place world-ancient-greece
Athens City-state known for democracy, art and learning world-ancient-greece
Sparta City-state known for its strong military world-ancient-greece
Democracy Government by the people; began in Athens world-ancient-greece
Cleisthenes Athenian leader who set up reforms that began democracy, about 508 BCE world-ancient-greece
Citizen (Athens) Free adult male born to Athenian parents; women and enslaved people could not vote world-ancient-greece
Assembly Athenian meeting where citizens voted on laws world-ancient-greece
Pericles Athenian leader in the Golden Age who sponsored the Parthenon world-ancient-greece
Golden Age of Athens The 400s BCE, rich in art, theater and ideas world-ancient-greece
Oligarchy Rule by a few people, as in Sparta world-ancient-greece
Tyrant A ruler who took power without a legal right world-ancient-greece
Helots Enslaved people who farmed for Spartans world-ancient-greece
Spartan training Boys left home around age seven to train in the military school called the agoge world-ancient-greece
Persian Wars Greek city-states fought Persia from 499 to 449 BCE world-ancient-greece
Battle of Marathon (490 BCE) Athens defeated a Persian force world-ancient-greece
Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans and allies held a narrow pass against Persia world-ancient-greece
Battle of Salamis (480 BCE) Greek ships won a sea battle against Persia world-ancient-greece
Delian League Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens world-ancient-greece
Peloponnesian War War between Athens and Sparta, 431-404 BCE; Sparta won world-ancient-greece
Socrates Philosopher who taught by asking questions world-ancient-greece
Socratic method Learning by asking and answering questions world-ancient-greece
Plato Student of Socrates who founded the Academy world-ancient-greece
Aristotle Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander; studied nearly every subject world-ancient-greece
Philosophy Greek for 'love of wisdom' world-ancient-greece
Hippocrates Physician called the father of medicine world-ancient-greece
Euclid Mathematician who wrote Elements, a famous geometry book world-ancient-greece
Pythagoras Greek thinker famous for the relationship of the sides of right triangles world-ancient-greece
Archimedes Greek scientist and inventor from Syracuse who explained levers and buoyancy world-ancient-greece
Herodotus Writer called the father of history world-ancient-greece
Thucydides Historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War world-ancient-greece
Homer Poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey world-ancient-greece
Iliad Epic poem about the Trojan War world-ancient-greece
Odyssey Epic poem about Odysseus's long trip home world-ancient-greece
Trojan Horse Giant wooden horse in the myth used to enter Troy world-ancient-greece
Aesop Storyteller linked with fables like the Tortoise and the Hare world-ancient-greece
Sophocles Playwright who wrote Oedipus Rex world-ancient-greece
Greek tragedy Serious plays about heroes and their downfall world-ancient-greece
Greek comedy Funny plays; Aristophanes was a famous writer world-ancient-greece
Amphitheater Open-air theater with seats in a curve world-ancient-greece
Olympic Games Contests held at Olympia every four years, starting in 776 BCE by tradition world-ancient-greece
Olympia Site of the ancient Olympic Games world-ancient-greece
Marathon (race) Named for a legendary run from Marathon to Athens world-ancient-greece
Zeus King of the gods world-ancient-greece
Hera Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage world-ancient-greece
Poseidon God of the sea world-ancient-greece
Hades God of the underworld world-ancient-greece
Athena Goddess of wisdom and crafts; patron of Athens world-ancient-greece
Apollo God of music, light and healing world-ancient-greece
Artemis Goddess of the hunt and the Moon world-ancient-greece
Ares God of war world-ancient-greece
Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty world-ancient-greece
Hermes Messenger of the gods world-ancient-greece
Demeter Goddess of the harvest world-ancient-greece
Dionysus God of wine and theater world-ancient-greece
Hephaestus God of fire and metalwork world-ancient-greece
Hercules Roman name for Heracles, a hero known for twelve labors world-ancient-greece
Perseus Hero who defeated Medusa world-ancient-greece
Mount Olympus Tallest mountain in Greece, home of the gods in myth world-ancient-greece
Oracle of Delphi Priestess who gave advice thought to come from Apollo world-ancient-greece
Myth Traditional story about gods and heroes world-ancient-greece
Hoplite Greek foot soldier with shield and spear world-ancient-greece
Phalanx Tight formation of soldiers with overlapping shields world-ancient-greece
Trireme Greek warship with three rows of oars world-ancient-greece
Greek columns Doric, Ionic and Corinthian styles world-ancient-greece
Amphora Tall clay jar with two handles world-ancient-greece
Alphabet Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels world-ancient-greece
Philip II King of Macedonia who united Greece world-ancient-greece
Alexander the Great Philip's son who conquered Persia and reached India by 326 BCE world-ancient-greece
Hellenistic Age Era after Alexander when Greek culture spread across his lands world-ancient-greece
Alexandria (Egypt) City Alexander founded; later a center of learning world-ancient-greece
Library of Alexandria Famous ancient library in Egypt world-ancient-greece
Colossus of Rhodes Giant statue of the sun god, one of the Seven Wonders world-ancient-greece
Roman conquest of Greece (146 BCE) Rome took control of Greece world-ancient-greece
Women in Athens Could not vote; most worked at home world-ancient-greece
Slavery in Greece Enslaved people did much of the labor in many city-states world-ancient-greece
Ostracism Vote to send a citizen away from Athens for ten years world-ancient-greece