{ "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/world-explorers-age-of-exploration", "id": "world-explorers-age-of-exploration", "title": "Explorers and the Age of Exploration", "category": "history", "subject": "World History", "levels": [ "3-5", "6-8" ], "description": "Famous explorers, their voyages, routes and the effects of European exploration.", "tags": [ "explorers", "columbus", "magellan", "age of exploration" ], "frontLabel": "Explorer or term", "backLabel": "What to know", "cards": [ [ "Age of Exploration", "Period from about 1400 to 1700 when Europeans sailed across oceans" ], [ "Prince Henry the Navigator", "Portuguese prince who sponsored voyages along Africa's coast" ], [ "Bartolomeu Dias", "First European to sail around Africa's southern tip, 1488" ], [ "Vasco da Gama", "Portuguese explorer who reached India by sea in 1498" ], [ "Christopher Columbus", "Italian sailor who crossed the Atlantic for Spain in 1492" ], [ "Columbus's ships", "The Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria" ], [ "Isabella and Ferdinand", "Spain's rulers who funded Columbus" ], [ "San Salvador", "Island in the Bahamas where Columbus landed in 1492" ], [ "Columbian Exchange", "Movement of plants, animals, people and diseases between the Americas and the Old World" ], [ "Diseases in the Americas", "Smallpox and other European illnesses killed many Native people" ], [ "Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)", "Spain and Portugal divided newly found lands" ], [ "Amerigo Vespucci", "Explorer whose first name gave America its name" ], [ "John Cabot", "Italian explorer sailing for England who reached North America in 1497" ], [ "Vasco Nunez de Balboa", "First European to see the Pacific from the Americas, 1513" ], [ "Ferdinand Magellan", "Led the first voyage to sail around the world, 1519-1522" ], [ "Juan Sebastian Elcano", "Completed Magellan's voyage after Magellan died in 1521" ], [ "Strait of Magellan", "Passage near South America's southern tip" ], [ "Circumnavigation", "Sailing all the way around the world" ], [ "Hernan Cortes", "Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521" ], [ "Francisco Pizarro", "Spanish conquistador who defeated the Inca in the 1530s" ], [ "Conquistador", "Spanish soldier-explorer who conquered lands in the Americas" ], [ "Ponce de Leon", "Spanish explorer who explored Florida in 1513" ], [ "Hernando de Soto", "Spanish explorer who traveled through the southeastern US, 1539-1542" ], [ "Francisco Coronado", "Spanish explorer who searched the Southwest for cities of gold" ], [ "Jacques Cartier", "French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River in the 1530s" ], [ "Samuel de Champlain", "Founded Quebec in 1608" ], [ "Henry Hudson", "English explorer who explored the Hudson River in 1609 for the Dutch" ], [ "Northwest Passage", "Hoped-for water route through North America to Asia" ], [ "La Salle", "French explorer who traveled down the Mississippi in 1682" ], [ "Marquette and Joliet", "French explorers who traveled the upper Mississippi in 1673" ], [ "Walter Raleigh", "English courtier who sponsored the Roanoke colonies" ], [ "Francis Drake", "English sea captain who sailed around the world, 1577-1580" ], [ "James Cook", "English navigator who mapped Pacific coasts including New Zealand and Hawaii in the 1700s" ], [ "Abel Tasman", "Dutch explorer who sighted Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642" ], [ "Zheng He", "Chinese admiral whose fleets reached East Africa in the early 1400s" ], [ "Ibn Battuta", "Muslim scholar who traveled across Africa and Asia in the 1300s" ], [ "Marco Polo", "Venetian merchant who traveled in Asia in the late 1200s" ], [ "Leif Erikson", "Norse explorer who reached North America about 1000" ], [ "Viking Vinland", "Name the Norse gave to the land they reached in North America" ], [ "L'Anse aux Meadows", "Norse site in Newfoundland, proof of an early landing" ], [ "Sacagawea", "Shoshone woman who guided Lewis and Clark" ], [ "Lewis and Clark", "Explored the Louisiana Purchase and reached the Pacific, 1804-1806" ], [ "Matthew Henson", "Black explorer who traveled with Robert Peary to the Arctic" ], [ "Robert Peary", "Led expeditions toward the North Pole in the early 1900s" ], [ "Roald Amundsen", "Norwegian explorer, first to reach the South Pole, 1911" ], [ "Ernest Shackleton", "Led the Endurance expedition to Antarctica (1914-1917); all his men survived" ], [ "Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay", "First climbers confirmed to reach Mount Everest's summit, 1953" ], [ "Jacques Cousteau", "French ocean explorer who co-invented the Aqualung" ], [ "Neil Armstrong", "First person on the Moon, 1969" ], [ "Sally Ride", "First American woman in space, 1983" ], [ "Mae Jemison", "First Black woman in space, 1992" ], [ "Valentina Tereshkova", "First woman in space, 1963" ], [ "Yuri Gagarin", "First human in space, 1961" ], [ "Gold, God and glory", "Three motives often given for European exploration" ], [ "Caravel", "Small, fast Portuguese ship used for exploring" ], [ "Astrolabe", "Tool for finding latitude using the stars or Sun" ], [ "Compass", "Magnetic tool for finding direction" ], [ "Latitude", "Distance north or south of the equator" ], [ "Longitude", "Distance east or west of the prime meridian" ], [ "Navigator", "Person who plans a ship's course" ], [ "Cartographer", "Mapmaker" ], [ "Mercator map", "1569 map by Gerardus Mercator, useful for sailors" ], [ "Spice Islands", "Islands in today's Indonesia that produced cloves and nutmeg" ], [ "Mercantilism", "Idea that colonies exist to enrich the home country" ], [ "Colony", "Territory settled and controlled by another country" ], [ "Transatlantic slave trade", "Forced movement of millions of Africans to the Americas" ], [ "Potatoes", "Crop from the Americas that spread to Europe and fed millions" ], [ "Tomatoes, corn and chocolate", "Foods that came to Europe from the Americas" ], [ "Horses in the Americas", "Spanish brought horses, which changed life on the Plains" ], [ "Wheat and sugar to the Americas", "Old World crops carried across the Atlantic" ], [ "Smallpox", "Disease that devastated Native communities after contact" ] ] }