{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/world-religions-basics",
 "id": "world-religions-basics",
 "title": "World Religions: Basic Facts",
 "category": "social-studies",
 "subject": "World Cultures",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Neutral, descriptive facts about the beliefs, texts, places and practices of major world religions.",
 "tags": [
  "religions",
  "christianity",
  "islam",
  "judaism",
  "hinduism",
  "buddhism"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Description",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Religion",
   "A system of beliefs and practices about the sacred, often shared by a community"
  ],
  [
   "Monotheism",
   "Belief in one God"
  ],
  [
   "Polytheism",
   "Belief in many gods"
  ],
  [
   "Faith",
   "Trust or belief in a religion's teachings"
  ],
  [
   "Judaism",
   "One of the oldest monotheistic religions, began in the Middle East about 4,000 years ago"
  ],
  [
   "Torah",
   "The first five books of the Hebrew Bible; central text of Judaism"
  ],
  [
   "Synagogue",
   "Jewish house of worship and community"
  ],
  [
   "Rabbi",
   "Jewish teacher and leader"
  ],
  [
   "Sabbath (Shabbat)",
   "Jewish weekly day of rest from Friday evening to Saturday evening"
  ],
  [
   "Passover",
   "Jewish spring festival remembering the Israelites' freedom from slavery in Egypt"
  ],
  [
   "Hanukkah",
   "Jewish festival of lights in winter"
  ],
  [
   "Yom Kippur",
   "Jewish Day of Atonement, a day of fasting and prayer"
  ],
  [
   "Rosh Hashanah",
   "Jewish New Year"
  ],
  [
   "Bar and bat mitzvah",
   "Ceremonies marking a Jewish young person's religious responsibility"
  ],
  [
   "Christianity",
   "Religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth; the largest religion in the world"
  ],
  [
   "Bible",
   "Holy book of Christianity, with the Old and New Testaments"
  ],
  [
   "Church",
   "Christian house of worship"
  ],
  [
   "Christmas",
   "Christian celebration of the birth of Jesus, on December 25 in most churches"
  ],
  [
   "Easter",
   "Christian celebration of the resurrection of Jesus"
  ],
  [
   "Trinity",
   "Christian teaching of God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit"
  ],
  [
   "Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant",
   "The three main branches of Christianity"
  ],
  [
   "Islam",
   "Religion founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad; followers are called Muslims"
  ],
  [
   "Quran",
   "Holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be God's word"
  ],
  [
   "Mosque",
   "Muslim house of worship"
  ],
  [
   "Five Pillars of Islam",
   "Faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage"
  ],
  [
   "Ramadan",
   "Islamic month of fasting from dawn to sunset"
  ],
  [
   "Eid al-Fitr",
   "Festival marking the end of Ramadan"
  ],
  [
   "Eid al-Adha",
   "Festival of sacrifice at the time of the Hajj"
  ],
  [
   "Hajj",
   "Pilgrimage to Mecca"
  ],
  [
   "Mecca",
   "Holy city in Saudi Arabia that Muslims face when praying"
  ],
  [
   "Imam",
   "Leader of prayer in a mosque"
  ],
  [
   "Hinduism",
   "Ancient religion of India with many gods and traditions"
  ],
  [
   "Vedas",
   "Oldest sacred texts of Hinduism"
  ],
  [
   "Bhagavad Gita",
   "Hindu scripture about duty and devotion"
  ],
  [
   "Temple (mandir)",
   "Hindu house of worship"
  ],
  [
   "Brahman",
   "The supreme reality in Hindu thought"
  ],
  [
   "Karma",
   "The idea that actions have consequences, in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain thought"
  ],
  [
   "Reincarnation",
   "Belief that the soul is reborn after death"
  ],
  [
   "Diwali",
   "Hindu festival of lights, also observed by Sikhs and Jains"
  ],
  [
   "Holi",
   "Hindu spring festival of colors"
  ],
  [
   "Ganges River",
   "River considered sacred by Hindus"
  ],
  [
   "Buddhism",
   "Religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha"
  ],
  [
   "Buddha",
   "Means 'awakened one'"
  ],
  [
   "Four Noble Truths",
   "Buddhist teachings about suffering and how to end it"
  ],
  [
   "Eightfold Path",
   "Buddhist guide to ethical living and meditation"
  ],
  [
   "Nirvana",
   "Buddhist goal of freedom from suffering"
  ],
  [
   "Meditation",
   "A practice of focused attention and calm"
  ],
  [
   "Monk",
   "A man who lives a religious life in a monastery"
  ],
  [
   "Wesak (Vesak)",
   "Festival marking the Buddha's birth, enlightenment and death"
  ],
  [
   "Sikhism",
   "Monotheistic religion founded in Punjab by Guru Nanak in the 1400s"
  ],
  [
   "Guru Granth Sahib",
   "Sikh holy scripture"
  ],
  [
   "Gurdwara",
   "Sikh house of worship"
  ],
  [
   "Five Ks",
   "Articles of faith worn by initiated Sikhs"
  ],
  [
   "Jainism",
   "Indian religion stressing nonviolence toward all living things"
  ],
  [
   "Confucianism",
   "Chinese philosophy based on Confucius that stresses respect, learning and family"
  ],
  [
   "Daoism",
   "Chinese tradition of living in harmony with the Dao, or Way"
  ],
  [
   "Shinto",
   "Japan's native tradition honoring kami, or spirits"
  ],
  [
   "Bahá'í Faith",
   "Religion founded in the 1800s that teaches the unity of humanity"
  ],
  [
   "Indigenous religions",
   "Traditions of native peoples, often tied to land and ancestors"
  ],
  [
   "Animism",
   "Belief that natural things have spirits"
  ],
  [
   "Zoroastrianism",
   "Ancient Persian religion with the prophet Zoroaster"
  ],
  [
   "Humanism",
   "A non-religious outlook focused on human values and reason"
  ],
  [
   "Atheism",
   "Lack of belief in a god or gods"
  ],
  [
   "Agnosticism",
   "The view that the existence of God cannot be known"
  ],
  [
   "Secular",
   "Not connected to religion"
  ],
  [
   "Interfaith",
   "Involving people of different religions"
  ],
  [
   "Religious freedom",
   "The right to follow your own beliefs"
  ],
  [
   "Scripture",
   "Sacred writings"
  ],
  [
   "Pilgrimage",
   "Journey to a holy place"
  ],
  [
   "Prayer",
   "Communication with the divine"
  ],
  [
   "Ritual",
   "A set of actions performed for a religious purpose"
  ],
  [
   "Clergy",
   "Religious leaders"
  ],
  [
   "Place of worship",
   "Church, synagogue, mosque, temple, gurdwara or shrine"
  ],
  [
   "Golden Rule",
   "Many traditions teach to treat others as you want to be treated"
  ],
  [
   "Number of followers (approx.)",
   "Christianity and Islam are the two largest; Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism follow in various order"
  ],
  [
   "Respect",
   "Learning about faiths helps people understand and respect each other"
  ]
 ]
}