{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/world-wars-global-overview",
 "id": "world-wars-global-overview",
 "title": "The World Wars: A Global View",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "World History",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Causes, sides, major events and results of World War I and World War II around the world.",
 "tags": [
  "world war i",
  "world war ii",
  "global",
  "treaty of versailles"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term or event",
 "backLabel": "What to know",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Causes of WWI",
   "Militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism (MAIN)"
  ],
  [
   "Militarism",
   "Building up armies and weapons"
  ],
  [
   "Alliance system",
   "Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) versus Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)"
  ],
  [
   "Assassination at Sarajevo",
   "June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed, setting off the war"
  ],
  [
   "July Crisis",
   "Weeks of diplomacy and ultimatums that led to war in 1914"
  ],
  [
   "Schlieffen Plan",
   "German plan to defeat France quickly before turning to Russia"
  ],
  [
   "Western Front",
   "Line of trenches across France and Belgium"
  ],
  [
   "Eastern Front",
   "Fighting between Germany/Austria and Russia"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of the Marne (1914)",
   "Allied victory that stopped the German advance on Paris"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Verdun (1916)",
   "Long, costly battle between France and Germany"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of the Somme (1916)",
   "British offensive with enormous casualties"
  ],
  [
   "Gallipoli (1915)",
   "Failed Allied attack on the Ottoman Empire's coast"
  ],
  [
   "Machine gun",
   "Weapon that made attacks deadly for soldiers crossing open ground"
  ],
  [
   "Poison gas",
   "Chemical weapon first widely used in WWI; later banned"
  ],
  [
   "Tank",
   "Armored vehicle first used by Britain in 1916"
  ],
  [
   "Airplane in WWI",
   "Used first for scouting, then for fighting"
  ],
  [
   "U-boat",
   "German submarine"
  ],
  [
   "Russian Revolution (1917)",
   "Russia's tsar fell, and the Bolsheviks under Lenin took power"
  ],
  [
   "Vladimir Lenin",
   "Bolshevik leader who founded the Soviet state"
  ],
  [
   "Nicholas II",
   "Last tsar of Russia"
  ],
  [
   "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)",
   "Russia left the war and gave up land"
  ],
  [
   "Armistice Day",
   "November 11, 1918, when fighting stopped on the Western Front"
  ],
  [
   "Treaty of Versailles (1919)",
   "Peace treaty that blamed Germany and made it pay reparations"
  ],
  [
   "Reparations",
   "Payments for war damages"
  ],
  [
   "War guilt clause",
   "Treaty article that made Germany accept blame for the war"
  ],
  [
   "League of Nations",
   "Organization to keep peace, set up in 1920"
  ],
  [
   "Collapse of empires",
   "The Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, German and Russian empires ended after WWI"
  ],
  [
   "Great Depression",
   "Worldwide economic crisis in the 1930s that helped extremists rise"
  ],
  [
   "Fascism",
   "Government by a dictator with strong nationalism and no free opposition"
  ],
  [
   "Benito Mussolini",
   "Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922"
  ],
  [
   "Nazi Party",
   "German party led by Adolf Hitler"
  ],
  [
   "Hitler's rise (1933)",
   "Hitler became chancellor of Germany in January 1933"
  ],
  [
   "Appeasement",
   "Giving in to demands to avoid war, as at Munich in 1938"
  ],
  [
   "Munich Agreement (1938)",
   "Britain and France let Germany take part of Czechoslovakia"
  ],
  [
   "Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939)",
   "Start of World War II in Europe"
  ],
  [
   "Blitzkrieg",
   "German 'lightning war' using tanks, planes and fast movement"
  ],
  [
   "Fall of France (1940)",
   "Germany took France in six weeks"
  ],
  [
   "Dunkirk (1940)",
   "Evacuation of over 300,000 Allied troops from France"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Britain (1940)",
   "Royal Air Force defeated German air attacks"
  ],
  [
   "The Blitz",
   "German bombing of British cities in 1940-41"
  ],
  [
   "Operation Barbarossa (1941)",
   "Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43)",
   "Soviet victory that turned the tide on the Eastern Front"
  ],
  [
   "El Alamein (1942)",
   "British victory in Egypt against German-Italian forces"
  ],
  [
   "Pearl Harbor",
   "Japan's attack on the US on December 7, 1941"
  ],
  [
   "Japanese expansion",
   "Japan invaded China in the 1930s and spread across Asia in 1941-42"
  ],
  [
   "Nanjing (Nanking) 1937",
   "Japan captured the Chinese capital after a hard battle; many civilians suffered"
  ],
  [
   "Battle of Midway (1942)",
   "US Navy victory that weakened Japan's carriers"
  ],
  [
   "Holocaust",
   "Nazi murder of six million Jews and millions of others"
  ],
  [
   "Resistance movements",
   "Secret groups that opposed Nazi occupation"
  ],
  [
   "Kindertransport",
   "Rescue program that took thousands of Jewish children from Germany to Britain"
  ],
  [
   "Righteous Among the Nations",
   "Honor for non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews"
  ],
  [
   "Raoul Wallenberg",
   "Swedish diplomat who saved thousands of Hungarian Jews"
  ],
  [
   "Oskar Schindler",
   "German businessman who saved over a thousand Jewish workers"
  ],
  [
   "D-Day (June 6, 1944)",
   "Allied invasion of Normandy"
  ],
  [
   "Liberation of Paris (Aug. 1944)",
   "Allied forces freed the French capital"
  ],
  [
   "Yalta Conference",
   "Allied leaders planned the post-war world"
  ],
  [
   "Potsdam Conference (1945)",
   "Allied leaders met in Germany after Germany's surrender"
  ],
  [
   "V-E Day",
   "May 8, 1945, victory in Europe"
  ],
  [
   "Hiroshima and Nagasaki",
   "Atomic bombs dropped in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender"
  ],
  [
   "V-J Day",
   "Japan's surrender announced August 15, 1945; signed September 2"
  ],
  [
   "Total deaths",
   "WWII killed an estimated 70 to 85 million people"
  ],
  [
   "Nuremberg Trials",
   "International court trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes"
  ],
  [
   "United Nations",
   "Founded in 1945 to maintain peace"
  ],
  [
   "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)",
   "UN statement of basic rights for all people"
  ],
  [
   "Decolonization",
   "After WWII, many colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence"
  ],
  [
   "Cold War begins",
   "The US and USSR became rivals after the war"
  ],
  [
   "Marshall Plan",
   "US aid to rebuild Western Europe"
  ],
  [
   "Allied Powers",
   "Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the US and China"
  ],
  [
   "Axis Powers",
   "Germany, Italy and Japan"
  ],
  [
   "Division of Germany",
   "After WWII, Germany was divided into East and West"
  ],
  [
   "Occupation of Japan",
   "US-led occupation, 1945-1952, helped Japan write a new constitution"
  ],
  [
   "Chinese Civil War",
   "Fighting between Nationalists and Communists, resumed after WWII; Communists won in 1949"
  ],
  [
   "Indian Army in WWII",
   "Over 2.5 million Indian volunteers served"
  ],
  [
   "Navajo Code Talkers",
   "Used their language to send secret Pacific messages"
  ],
  [
   "Anne Frank's diary",
   "Diary of a Jewish girl hiding in Amsterdam from 1942 to 1944"
  ]
 ]
}