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Nutrition Basics
Nutrients, calories, healthy eating words and what foods do for the body.
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- NutrientTermA substance in food that the body needs to work and grow
- CarbohydratesTermNutrients that give the body quick energy
- ProteinTermA nutrient that builds and repairs muscles and other body parts
- FatTermA nutrient that stores energy and helps absorb some vitamins
- VitaminsTermNutrients that help the body work properly, needed in tiny amounts
- MineralsTermElements like calcium and iron that the body needs
- WaterTermThe nutrient that makes up most of the body and helps every process
- FiberTermPlant part that helps digestion and keeps you feeling full
- CalorieTermA unit of energy in food
- Calories per gram of carbohydrateTerm4
- Calories per gram of proteinTerm4
- Calories per gram of fatTerm9
- Simple carbohydratesTermSugars that digest quickly
- Complex carbohydratesTermStarches and fibers that digest more slowly, like whole grains
- Amino acidsTermBuilding blocks of protein
- Complete proteinTermProtein that has all nine essential amino acids
- Saturated fatTermFat usually solid at room temperature, best eaten in small amounts
- Unsaturated fatTermHealthier fat, usually liquid at room temperature, like olive oil
- Trans fatTermAn unhealthy fat made by processing oils
- CholesterolTermA waxy substance in the blood; too much can harm the heart
- Added sugarTermSugar put into foods when they are made
- SodiumTermA part of salt; too much can raise blood pressure
- HydrationTermHaving enough water in the body
- DehydrationTermNot having enough water in the body
- DigestionTermBreaking down food so the body can use it
- MetabolismTermAll the chemical processes that turn food into energy
- AppetiteTermThe desire to eat
- HungerTermThe body's signal that it needs food
- Portion sizeTermThe amount of food you choose to eat at one time
- Serving sizeTermThe amount listed on a food label as one serving
- Nutrition Facts labelTermA food label listing calories and nutrients per serving
- Ingredients listTermA label list of what a food contains, from most to least
- Whole grainTermA grain that keeps its bran, germ and endosperm
- Processed foodTermFood changed from its natural form before you buy it
- Whole foodTermFood that is close to its natural state
- Organic foodTermFood grown without most synthetic chemicals
- Balanced dietTermEating a variety of foods in the right amounts
- BreakfastTermThe first meal of the day that gives energy to start
- SnackTermA small amount of food eaten between meals
- Healthy snackTermFruit, vegetables, nuts or yogurt for example
- Allergy (food)TermThe body's harmful reaction to a certain food
- Common food allergensTermMilk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, soy, sesame
- Lactose intoleranceTermTrouble digesting the sugar in milk
- GlutenTermA protein found in wheat, barley and rye
- VegetarianTermSomeone who does not eat meat
- VeganTermSomeone who eats no animal products at all
- AntioxidantsTermSubstances in fruits and vegetables that protect cells
- ProbioticsTermHelpful living bacteria in foods like yogurt
- CalciumTermA mineral for strong bones and teeth
- IronTermA mineral that helps blood carry oxygen
- PotassiumTermA mineral that helps muscles and nerves work; found in bananas
- Which nutrient is the body's main source of energy?TermCarbohydrates
- Which nutrient builds muscle?TermProtein
- How much of the body is water?TermAbout 60 percent for adults
- Foods high in proteinTermMeat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, tofu
- Foods high in fiberTermWhole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables
- Foods high in calciumTermMilk, cheese, yogurt, leafy greens
- Foods high in ironTermRed meat, beans, spinach, fortified cereals
- Why drink water instead of soda?TermWater has no added sugar and hydrates you
- Empty caloriesTermCalories with few nutrients, like candy and soda
- Meal planningTermChoosing healthy meals ahead of time
- Food label tipTermCheck serving size first, then calories and sugar
- Eating colorful fruits and vegetablesTermGives a wide variety of vitamins and minerals
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