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Algebra Terms
The vocabulary of algebra: expressions, equations, functions, graphing and polynomials.
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- VariableTermA letter that stands for a number
- ConstantTermA fixed number that does not change
- CoefficientTermThe number multiplying a variableIn −4y, it is −4
- TermTermA part of an expression separated by + or −
- Like termsTermTerms with the same variables raised to the same powers
- ExpressionTermA combination of numbers, variables and operations without an equals sign
- EquationTermA statement that two expressions are equal
- InequalityTermA statement comparing two expressions using <, >, ≤ or ≥
- SolveTermFind the value of the variable that makes the statement true
- EvaluateTermReplace variables with numbers and compute the result
- SimplifyTermCombine like terms and reduce an expression
- FactorTermWrite an expression as a product of simpler expressions
- ExpandTermMultiply out brackets to remove them
- SubstitutionTermReplacing a variable with a value or another expression
- Linear equationTermAn equation whose graph is a straight line; the variable has degree 1
- Slope-intercept formTermy = mx + b
- Point-slope formTermy − y₁ = m(x − x₁)
- Standard form of a lineTermAx + By = C
- SlopeTermRise over run; change in y divided by change in x
- RiseTermThe vertical change between two points
- RunTermThe horizontal change between two points
- Y-interceptTermWhere a graph crosses the y-axis (x = 0)
- X-interceptTermWhere a graph crosses the x-axis (y = 0)
- Parallel lines (slopes)TermHave equal slopes
- Perpendicular lines (slopes)TermSlopes are negative reciprocals; their product is −1
- Slope of a horizontal lineTerm0
- Slope of a vertical lineTermUndefined
- FunctionTermA rule that gives each input exactly one output
- Function notationTermf(x) is read 'f of x'; the output for input x
- DomainTermAll allowed input values
- RangeTermAll resulting output values
- Independent variableTermThe input variable, usually x
- Dependent variableTermThe output variable, usually y; it depends on x
- Vertical line testTermA graph is a function if no vertical line crosses it twice
- Absolute valueTermThe distance of a number from zero, written |x|
- System of equationsTermTwo or more equations solved together
- Substitution methodTermSolve one equation for a variable and substitute into the other
- Elimination methodTermAdd or subtract equations to cancel a variable
- Consistent systemTermA system with at least one solution
- Inconsistent systemTermA system with no solution, such as parallel lines
- Dependent systemTermA system with infinitely many solutions; the same line
- PolynomialTermAn expression of terms with whole-number powers of variables
- DegreeTermThe highest power of the variable in a polynomial
- Standard form of a polynomialTermTerms written from the highest power to the lowest
- Quadratic equationTermAn equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0
- Quadratic formulaTermx = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a
- Completing the squareTermRewriting a quadratic so a perfect square trinomial appears
- Vertex formTermy = a(x − h)² + k
- Difference of squaresTerma² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)
- Perfect square trinomialTerma² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
- Greatest common factor (GCF)TermThe largest factor shared by all the terms
- Zero product propertyTermIf ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0
- Root, zero or solutionTermAn x value where the function equals 0
- RadicalTermA root symbol, such as √
- Rationalize the denominatorTermRewrite a fraction so the denominator has no radical
- Rational expressionTermA fraction whose numerator and denominator are polynomials
- Inverse variationTermy = k/x; as one quantity goes up, the other goes down
- Direct variationTermy = kx; the ratio y/x is constant
- Constant of variationTermThe constant k in a variation equation
- Arithmetic sequence formulaTermaₙ = a₁ + (n − 1)d
- Geometric sequence formulaTermaₙ = a₁ · rⁿ⁻¹
- Exponential growthTermy = a(1 + r)^t with r > 0
- Exponential decayTermy = a(1 − r)^t with 0 < r < 1
- Compound interest formulaTermA = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
- Continuous compounding formulaTermA = Pe^(rt)
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