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Intervals, Chords and Scales
Interval names, chord types and scale patterns in Western music.
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- IntervalTermThe distance between two pitches
- Half stepTermThe smallest distance on a piano, one key to the very next key
- Whole stepTermTwo half steps
- Unison (perfect 1st)TermTwo notes on the same pitch
- Major 2ndTermTwo half stepsC up to D
- Major 3rdTermFour half stepsC up to E
- Minor 3rdTermThree half stepsC up to Eb
- Perfect 4thTermFive half stepsC up to F
- Tritone (augmented 4th)TermSix half stepsC up to F#
- Perfect 5thTermSeven half stepsC up to G
- Minor 6thTermEight half stepsC up to Ab
- Major 6thTermNine half stepsC up to A
- Minor 7thTermTen half stepsC up to Bb
- Major 7thTermEleven half stepsC up to B
- Perfect octaveTermTwelve half steps, same note name at a higher pitch
- Minor 2ndTermOne half stepC up to Db
- ConsonanceTermIntervals that sound stable and pleasant
- DissonanceTermIntervals that sound tense and want to resolve
- Major scale patternTermW W H W W W HWhole and half steps
- Natural minor scale patternTermW H W W H W W
- Harmonic minor scaleTermNatural minor with a raised 7th
- Melodic minor scale (ascending)TermNatural minor with raised 6th and 7th
- Chromatic scaleTermAll twelve half steps in an octave
- Pentatonic scaleTermA five-note scale
- Whole tone scaleTermA six-note scale made only of whole steps
- Blues scaleTermA minor pentatonic scale with an added flat fifth
- Scale degree 1TermTonic
- Scale degree 2TermSupertonic
- Scale degree 3TermMediant
- Scale degree 4TermSubdominant
- Scale degree 5TermDominant
- Scale degree 6TermSubmediant
- Scale degree 7TermLeading tone
- OctaveTermInterval where the higher note vibrates at twice the frequency
- ChordTermThree or more notes sounded together
- TriadTermA three-note chord built from stacked thirds
- RootTermThe note a chord is named for and built on
- Major triadTermRoot, major third, perfect fifthC E G
- Minor triadTermRoot, minor third, perfect fifthC Eb G
- Diminished triadTermRoot, minor third, diminished fifthC Eb Gb
- Augmented triadTermRoot, major third, augmented fifthC E G#
- Dominant seventh chordTermA major triad plus a minor seventhG B D F
- Major seventh chordTermA major triad plus a major seventhC E G B
- Minor seventh chordTermA minor triad plus a minor seventhC Eb G Bb
- Suspended 4th (sus4)TermChord with the third replaced by the fourthC F G
- First inversionTermA chord with its third in the bass
- Second inversionTermA chord with its fifth in the bass
- Root positionTermA chord with its root in the bass
- ArpeggioTermThe notes of a chord played one after another
- Chord progressionTermA series of chords played in order
- I chordTermTonic chord, built on the first scale degree
- V chordTermDominant chord, built on the fifth scale degree
- IV chordTermSubdominant chord, built on the fourth scale degree
- I-IV-VTermA very common progression of chords in rock, folk and blues
- Twelve-bar bluesTermA 12-measure chord pattern built on I, IV and V
- CadenceTermA chord pair that ends a musical phrase
- Authentic cadenceTermV chord to I chord
- Plagal cadenceTermIV chord to I chordThe Amen cadence
- C major triad notesTermC E G
- G major triad notesTermG B D
- F major triad notesTermF A C
- A minor triad notesTermA C E
- D minor triad notesTermD F A
- C major scale notesTermC D E F G A B C
- G major scale notesTermG A B C D E F# G
- F major scale notesTermF G A Bb C D E F
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