Flashcards › Social Studies › Sociology
Sociology: Intro Terms
Key terms from introductory sociology: society, groups, roles, socialization, institutions and inequality.
0 of 77 known
77 cards
- SociologyTermThe scientific study of society and social behavior
- SocietyTermA group of people who share a territory and culture
- Sociological imaginationTermC. Wright Mills's idea of linking personal troubles to larger social issues
- Auguste ComteTermCoined the word sociology; called the father of sociology
- Emile DurkheimTermStudied social facts, solidarity and suicide rates
- Max WeberTermStudied bureaucracy and the Protestant ethic
- Karl MarxTermFocused on class conflict
- W.E.B. Du BoisTermEarly American sociologist who studied race and The Philadelphia Negro
- Jane AddamsTermSocial reformer whose work with Hull House shaped early sociology
- Harriet MartineauTermEarly sociologist who translated Comte and studied American society
- Structural functionalismTermView that society is a system of parts that work together
- Conflict theoryTermView that society is shaped by competition over resources and power
- Symbolic interactionismTermView that society is built from everyday interactions and shared meanings
- MacrosociologyTermStudy of large-scale social patterns
- MicrosociologyTermStudy of small groups and face-to-face interaction
- CultureTermShared beliefs, values, norms and objects of a group
- NormsTermRules for behavior in a group
- FolkwaysTermEveryday customs, like table manners
- MoresTermNorms with strong moral importance
- LawsTermFormal norms enforced by government
- ValuesTermIdeas about what is good, right and important
- SanctionTermA reward or punishment that enforces norms
- DevianceTermBehavior that violates norms
- Social controlTermWays society encourages conformity
- ConformityTermFollowing the norms of a group
- SocializationTermThe lifelong process of learning culture and roles
- Agents of socializationTermFamily, school, peers, media and religion
- Primary socializationTermEarly learning in the family
- Peer groupTermPeople of similar age and interests
- Hidden curriculumTermLessons schools teach without saying so, like punctuality
- Social structureTermPatterns of relationships that organize society
- StatusTermA position in society
- Ascribed statusTermStatus given at birth or involuntarily
- Achieved statusTermStatus earned by effort
- RoleTermBehavior expected of someone in a status
- Role conflictTermTension between roles, such as student and employee
- Primary groupTermSmall, close group, like family
- Secondary groupTermLarger, goal-oriented group, like a company
- In-groupTermA group you identify with
- Out-groupTermA group you do not identify with
- Reference groupTermGroup used to evaluate yourself
- Social networkTermA web of connections among people
- Social institutionTermEstablished system meeting basic needs, like family, education and government
- BureaucracyTermOrganization with rules, ranks and specialized jobs
- Social stratificationTermRanking of people in layers by wealth, power or prestige
- Social classTermA group with similar economic position
- Socioeconomic statusTermCombination of income, education and occupation
- Social mobilityTermMoving between social classes
- PovertyTermLacking resources for basic needs
- InequalityTermUnequal sharing of wealth, power or opportunity
- PrejudiceTermUnfair attitudes toward a group
- DiscriminationTermUnfair treatment based on group membership
- StereotypeTermOversimplified belief about a group
- RaceTermA social category based on perceived physical traits
- EthnicityTermShared cultural heritage
- Minority groupTermA group with less power than the dominant group
- GenderTermSocial and cultural roles linked to being male or female
- Gender rolesTermExpected behaviors for men and women
- DemographyTermStudy of population size and change
- Birth rateTermNumber of births per 1,000 people per year
- MigrationTermMovement of people from one place to another
- UrbanizationTermGrowth of cities
- Social movementTermOrganized effort for or against social change
- Collective behaviorTermSpontaneous group actions, like crowds
- Social changeTermChanges in culture and institutions over time
- Technology and societyTermNew technologies change how people work and relate
- GlobalizationTermIncreasing connection among societies
- SampleTermA smaller group studied to learn about a larger one
- SurveyTermQuestions asked of many people
- CorrelationTermA relationship between two variables, which does not prove one causes the other
- HypothesisTermA testable prediction
- VariableTermA factor that can change
- EthnographyTermIn-depth study through observation
- AnomieTermDurkheim's term for feeling of normlessness
- Looking-glass selfTermCharles Cooley's idea that we form self-image from how others see us
- Generalized otherTermGeorge Herbert Mead's term for society's expectations
- DramaturgyTermErving Goffman's view of life as a performance with front and back stages
Download this deck
- CSVExcel, Google Sheets, Numbers
- Anki / Quizlet (tab-separated)Import straight into Anki or Quizlet
- JSONFor programmers and apps
- Plain textOne card a line, “front : back”, ready for Peabody's flashcard maker to print
Want paper cards? Paste the plain-text download into the flashcard maker.