Flashcards › Science › Physics
Electricity and Magnetism
Circuits, charge, current and magnets.
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- Electric chargeTermA property of matter that can be positive or negative
- Like chargesTermRepel each other
- Opposite chargesTermAttract each other
- Proton chargeTermPositive
- Electron chargeTermNegative
- Neutron chargeTermNone; neutral
- Static electricityTermCharge that builds up on an object
- Example of static electricityTermA balloon sticking to your hair after rubbing
- LightningTermA huge spark of static electricity in clouds
- CurrentTermThe flow of electric charge
- VoltageTermThe push that moves charge in a circuit
- ResistanceTermHow much a material resists current
- CircuitTermA complete path for electricity
- Open circuitTermA circuit with a break, so no current flows
- Closed circuitTermA complete loop where current flows
- Series circuitTermParts connected in one path; if one breaks all stop
- Parallel circuitTermParts connected on separate paths; if one breaks others keep working
- SwitchTermA device that opens or closes a circuit
- BatteryTermA source that provides electrical energy from chemical reactions
- CellTermOne unit of a battery
- WireTermA thin strand of metal that carries current
- ConductorTermA material that lets current flow easily
- InsulatorTermA material that blocks current
- Examples of conductorsTermCopper, silver, aluminum and water with salt
- Examples of insulatorsTermRubber, plastic, glass and wood
- FuseTermA safety part that melts and breaks the circuit if the current is too high
- Circuit breakerTermA switch that shuts off a circuit when it carries too much current
- GroundTermA path that carries extra current safely into the Earth
- Alternating current (AC)TermCurrent that changes direction back and forth; used in homes
- Direct current (DC)TermCurrent that flows one way; from batteries
- GeneratorTermA device that turns motion into electricity
- TransformerTermA device that changes the voltage of AC
- ResistorTermA part that limits the current in a circuit
- CapacitorTermA part that stores electric charge
- DiodeTermA part that lets current flow one way
- TransistorTermA tiny switch or amplifier in electronics
- SemiconductorTermA material, like silicon, that conducts better than an insulator but less than a metal
- MagnetTermAn object that attracts iron and has a north and south pole
- Magnetic poleTermThe end of a magnet where force is strongest
- Like polesTermRepel
- Opposite polesTermAttract
- Magnetic fieldTermThe region around a magnet where its force acts
- Magnetic materialsTermIron, nickel and cobalt
- CompassTermNeedle magnet that points to Earth's magnetic north
- Earth's magnetic fieldTermProduced by moving molten iron in the outer core
- ElectromagnetTermA magnet made by running current through a coil, often around an iron core
- Electromagnetic inductionTermMaking current by changing a magnetic field near a wire
- Who discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831?TermMichael Faraday
- Who showed in 1820 that electric current creates a magnetic field?TermHans Christian Oersted
- Who flew a kite in a storm in a famous experiment?TermBenjamin Franklin
- Who invented the practical light bulb in 1879?TermThomas Edison
- Who built the first battery around 1800?TermAlessandro Volta
- AuroraTermGlowing lights where charged particles from the Sun hit Earth's atmosphere near the poles
- Electric motorTermA device that turns electricity into motion
- SolenoidTermA coil of wire that makes a magnetic field when current flows
- Short circuitTermAn unplanned path with low resistance that can cause too much current
- Why should you never put a fork in a socket?TermMetal conducts electricity and can cause serious harm
- Staying safe in a stormTermGo indoors and stay away from windows and water
- Why are power lines high up?TermTo keep the dangerous electricity away from people
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