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Networking Terms

How computers connect: addresses, protocols, ports and devices.

78 cardsGrades 9–12, College, Adult#networking#IP#protocols#TCP/IP

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  • NetworkTerm
    Computers and devices connected to share data
  • LANTerm
    Local area network, such as in a home or school
  • WANTerm
    Wide area network that spans a large area
  • InternetTerm
    A global network of networks
  • IntranetTerm
    A private network inside an organization
  • IP addressTerm
    A number that identifies a device on a network
  • IPv4 addressTerm
    Four numbers 0 to 255, like 192.168.1.1
  • IPv6 addressTerm
    A longer address format with letters and numbers, made for more devices
  • Public IPTerm
    An address visible on the internet
  • Private IPTerm
    An address used inside a local network, like 192.168.x.x
  • Localhost (127.0.0.1)Term
    Your own computer
  • MAC addressTerm
    A hardware address built into a network card
  • DNSTerm
    Domain Name System, translates names into IP addresses
  • DHCPTerm
    Automatically gives devices IP addresses
  • NATTerm
    Lets many devices share one public IP address
  • RouterTerm
    Forwards data between networks
  • SwitchTerm
    Connects devices within a network
  • HubTerm
    A simple device that repeats data to all ports
  • ModemTerm
    Connects a home to the internet provider
  • Access pointTerm
    Gives wireless devices a connection to a network
  • GatewayTerm
    A node that connects one network to another
  • FirewallTerm
    Controls which traffic is allowed in or out
  • Proxy serverTerm
    A server that acts as middleman for requests
  • VPNTerm
    Virtual private network that sends traffic through an encrypted tunnel
  • ProtocolTerm
    A set of rules for communication
  • TCPTerm
    Reliable, ordered delivery of data
  • UDPTerm
    Fast delivery without guarantees, used in streaming and games
  • IP (Internet Protocol)Term
    Addresses and routes packets
  • HTTPTerm
    Protocol for web pages
  • HTTPSTerm
    HTTP with encryption
  • FTPTerm
    Protocol for transferring files
  • SMTPTerm
    Protocol for sending email
  • IMAP and POP3Term
    Protocols for receiving email
  • SSHTerm
    Secure remote login
  • TLS/SSLTerm
    Encryption protocols for secure connections
  • PortTerm
    A numbered door on a device for a type of traffic
  • Port 80Term
    HTTP
  • Port 443Term
    HTTPS
  • Port 22Term
    SSH
  • Port 25Term
    SMTP email
  • Port 53Term
    DNS
  • PacketTerm
    A small chunk of data sent over a network
  • HeaderTerm
    Information at the start of a packet like source and destination
  • LatencyTerm
    Delay before data arrives
  • BandwidthTerm
    Maximum data rate of a connection
  • ThroughputTerm
    The actual data rate achieved
  • PingTerm
    Test of reachability and round-trip time
  • TracerouteTerm
    Shows the path packets take
  • JitterTerm
    Variation in delay
  • Packet lossTerm
    Packets that never arrive
  • Wi-FiTerm
    Wireless local networking
  • EthernetTerm
    A common wired network standard
  • Fiber opticTerm
    Cables that send data as pulses of light
  • Cellular (4G, 5G)Term
    Mobile phone networks
  • BluetoothTerm
    Short-range wireless
  • SubnetTerm
    A smaller part of a network
  • Subnet maskTerm
    Tells which part of an address is the network
  • CIDR notationTerm
    Writing a network like 192.168.0.0/24
  • ClientTerm
    A device that requests services
  • ServerTerm
    A device that provides services
  • Peer-to-peerTerm
    Devices share directly without a central server
  • CloudTerm
    Computing services offered over the internet
  • CDNTerm
    Content delivery network, servers around the world that make sites load faster
  • URLTerm
    A web address
  • Domain registrarTerm
    A company that sells domain names
  • ICANNTerm
    The organization that coordinates domain names and IP addresses
  • Web serverTerm
    Software that serves web pages
  • APITerm
    Rules for programs to talk to each other
  • RESTTerm
    A common style for web APIs
  • Status code 200Term
    OK
  • Status code 404Term
    Not found
  • Status code 500Term
    Server error
  • Status code 301Term
    Moved permanently
  • OSI modelTerm
    A seven-layer model of networking
  • OSI layersTerm
    Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
  • TCP/IP modelTerm
    A four-layer model that the internet uses
  • Three-way handshakeTerm
    SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK to start a TCP connection
  • Vint Cerf and Bob KahnTerm
    Designed TCP/IP in the 1970s

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