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Periodic Table Families and Layout
Groups, periods and families of the periodic table.
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- GroupTermA column of the periodic table; elements in it act alike
- PeriodTermA row of the periodic table
- How many groups are in the standard periodic table?Term18
- How many periods are in the standard periodic table?Term7
- Alkali metalsTermGroup 1 (except hydrogen): very reactive soft metals like sodium
- Alkaline earth metalsTermGroup 2: reactive metals like calcium and magnesium
- Transition metalsTermThe block in the middle, like iron, copper and gold
- HalogensTermGroup 17: reactive nonmetals like chlorine and iodine
- Noble gasesTermGroup 18: very unreactive gases like helium and neon
- MetalloidsTermElements with properties of both metals and nonmetals, like silicon
- NonmetalsTermElements that are usually dull, brittle and poor conductors
- MetalsTermShiny elements that conduct heat and electricity and can be shaped
- LanthanidesTermRow of 15 elements shown below the main table, from lanthanum
- ActinidesTermRow of 15 elements shown below the main table, from actinium
- Atomic numberTermThe number of protons in an atom's nucleus
- Atomic massTermThe average mass of an element's atoms, in atomic mass units
- Element symbolTermOne or two letters standing for an element; the first is capital
- Who created the first widely used periodic table in 1869?TermDmitri Mendeleev
- How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?TermBy atomic mass, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements
- How is the modern table arranged?TermBy increasing atomic number
- Valence electronsTermElectrons in an atom's outermost shell
- How many valence electrons do halogens have?Term7
- How many valence electrons do alkali metals have?Term1
- How many valence electrons do most noble gases have?Term8 (helium has 2)
- Which group contains carbon?TermGroup 14
- Which group contains oxygen?TermGroup 16
- Which group contains nitrogen?TermGroup 15
- Which element is placed alone at the top-left, and is not an alkali metal?TermHydrogen
- Which side of the table holds mostly metals?TermThe left side and middle
- Which side of the table holds the nonmetals?TermThe upper right
- What is the zigzag line on the right side of the table for?TermIt separates metals from nonmetals; metalloids sit along it
- Why are noble gases unreactive?TermTheir outer electron shell is full
- Why do elements in a group act alike?TermThey have the same number of valence electrons
- Which period 1 elements exist?TermHydrogen and helium
- Which is the lightest metal, atomic number 3?TermLithium
- Synthetic elementTermOne made in a lab and not found in nature in large amounts
- Radioactive elementTermAn element whose atoms break down and give off energy
- Which element has the lowest atomic number?TermHydrogen (1)
- IsotopeTermAtoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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