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Anatomy: Organs and What They Do

Major organs and glands of the human body and their jobs.

84 cardsGrades 6–8, Grades 9–12, College#anatomy#organs

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  • BrainOrgan
    Controls thought, senses, movement and body functions
  • Spinal cordOrgan
    Carries messages between the brain and body
  • HeartOrgan
    Muscular pump that circulates blood
  • LungsOrgan
    Take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
  • LiverOrgan
    Processes nutrients, makes bile, filters toxins
  • GallbladderOrgan
    Stores and concentrates bile
  • PancreasOrgan
    Makes digestive enzymes and insulin
  • StomachOrgan
    Mixes food with acid and enzymes
  • Small intestineOrgan
    Absorbs most nutrients
  • Large intestineOrgan
    Absorbs water; forms stool
  • AppendixOrgan
    Small pouch on the large intestine, with no essential digestive role
  • EsophagusOrgan
    Moves food from the throat to the stomach
  • KidneysOrgan
    Filter blood and make urine
  • Urinary bladderOrgan
    Stores urine
  • SpleenOrgan
    Filters old red blood cells and helps immune defense
  • ThyroidOrgan
    Gland controlling metabolism
  • Parathyroid glandsOrgan
    Four small glands controlling blood calcium
  • Adrenal glandsOrgan
    Sit atop the kidneys; make stress hormones
  • Pituitary glandOrgan
    Pea-sized gland releasing hormones that direct other glands
  • Pineal glandOrgan
    Makes melatonin, which affects sleep
  • HypothalamusOrgan
    Links the nervous and endocrine systems; regulates temperature and hunger
  • ThymusOrgan
    Immune organ where T cells mature
  • TonsilsOrgan
    Lymph tissue at the throat that helps defend against germs
  • SkinOrgan
    Largest organ; protects, regulates temperature, senses touch
  • EyesOrgan
    Detect light for vision
  • RetinaOrgan
    Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye
  • LensOrgan
    Focuses light on the retina
  • CorneaOrgan
    Clear front window of the eye
  • IrisOrgan
    Colored part of the eye controlling pupil size
  • CochleaOrgan
    Spiral organ of the inner ear for hearing
  • EardrumOrgan
    Membrane that vibrates with sound
  • Eustachian tubeOrgan
    Connects the middle ear to the throat to equalize pressure
  • LarynxOrgan
    Voice box
  • PharynxOrgan
    Throat; passage for air and food
  • TracheaOrgan
    Windpipe leading to the lungs
  • BronchiOrgan
    Branches of the trachea into each lung
  • EpiglottisOrgan
    Flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing
  • DiaphragmOrgan
    Muscle that drives breathing
  • AortaOrgan
    Largest artery, carries blood from the heart to the body
  • Vena cavaOrgan
    Large veins returning blood to the heart
  • Pulmonary arteryOrgan
    Carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
  • Pulmonary veinOrgan
    Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
  • Left ventricleOrgan
    Heart chamber that pumps blood to the body
  • Right atriumOrgan
    Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
  • Mitral valveOrgan
    Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
  • Tricuspid valveOrgan
    Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
  • Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)Organ
    Group of cells that starts each heartbeat
  • OvariesOrgan
    Produce eggs and hormones
  • Fallopian tubesOrgan
    Carry eggs to the uterus
  • UterusOrgan
    Houses a developing fetus
  • TestesOrgan
    Produce sperm and testosterone
  • Prostate glandOrgan
    Produces fluid that nourishes sperm
  • Mammary glandsOrgan
    Produce milk
  • Salivary glandsOrgan
    Make saliva to start digestion
  • DuodenumOrgan
    First section of the small intestine
  • JejunumOrgan
    Middle section of the small intestine
  • IleumOrgan
    Last section of the small intestine
  • CecumOrgan
    Pouch where the small and large intestines join
  • RectumOrgan
    Final section of the large intestine, storing stool
  • ColonOrgan
    Main part of the large intestine
  • UretersOrgan
    Tubes from kidneys to bladder
  • UrethraOrgan
    Tube that carries urine out of the body
  • MeningesOrgan
    Three membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord
  • Cerebrospinal fluidOrgan
    Fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord
  • Cerebral cortexOrgan
    Wrinkled outer layer of the brain for thought
  • Medulla oblongataOrgan
    Brainstem region controlling breathing and heart rate
  • PonsOrgan
    Brainstem region relaying signals and helping control breathing
  • ThalamusOrgan
    Relays sensory signals to the cortex
  • Basal gangliaOrgan
    Brain structures helping control movement
  • Corpus callosumOrgan
    Connects the two brain hemispheres
  • Optic nerveOrgan
    Carries visual signals from the eye to the brain
  • Sciatic nerveOrgan
    Longest nerve, from the lower back down each leg
  • Vagus nerveOrgan
    Long nerve controlling heart rate, digestion and more
  • Bone marrowOrgan
    Soft tissue inside bones that makes blood cells
  • Lymph nodesOrgan
    Filter lymph and house immune cells
  • PeritoneumOrgan
    Membrane lining the abdominal cavity
  • PericardiumOrgan
    Sac surrounding the heart
  • PleuraOrgan
    Membrane around the lungs
  • MediastinumOrgan
    Space between the lungs holding the heart
  • Islets of LangerhansOrgan
    Clusters of pancreatic cells making insulin and glucagon
  • GlomerulusOrgan
    Tuft of capillaries in the kidney where blood is filtered
  • AlveolusOrgan
    Air sac where gas exchange happens
  • VillusOrgan
    Finger-like projection that absorbs nutrients in the small intestine
  • HepatocyteOrgan
    Main cell of the liver

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