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Ancient Egypt
Pharaohs, pyramids, the Nile and daily life in ancient Egypt.
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79 cards
- Nile RiverTermLong river whose yearly flood made Egyptian farmland rich
- DeltaTermFan-shaped land where the Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea
- Upper and Lower EgyptTermThe two regions joined as one kingdom around 3100 BCE
- NarmerTermKing traditionally credited with uniting Egypt
- PharaohTermRuler of ancient Egypt, seen as a god-king
- DynastyTermA line of rulers from the same family
- Old KingdomTermPeriod of the great pyramids, about 2686-2181 BCE
- Middle KingdomTermPeriod of reunified and strong rule, about 2055-1650 BCE
- New KingdomTermPeriod of Egypt's greatest power, about 1550-1070 BCE
- PyramidTermHuge stone tomb built for a pharaoh
- Great Pyramid of GizaTermBuilt for Khufu; the tallest human-made structure for thousands of years
- KhufuTermPharaoh who built the Great Pyramid
- SphinxTermGiant statue with a lion's body and a human head at Giza
- GizaTermSite near Cairo with the three famous pyramids
- ImhotepTermArchitect of the first step pyramid, later honored as a god of healing
- Step Pyramid of DjoserTermEgypt's first large stone pyramid, at Saqqara
- MummyTermA preserved body wrapped in cloth
- MummificationTermProcess of drying and wrapping a body so it would last
- EmbalmerTermPriest who prepared a body for burial
- Canopic jarsTermJars that held organs removed from a mummy
- SarcophagusTermStone coffin
- AfterlifeTermLife believed to follow death
- Book of the DeadTermSpells and prayers placed in tombs to guide the dead
- Valley of the KingsTermBurial place of New Kingdom pharaohs near Luxor
- TutankhamunTermBoy pharaoh whose nearly untouched tomb was found in 1922
- Howard CarterTermBritish archaeologist who found Tutankhamun's tomb
- HatshepsutTermFemale pharaoh who sent a famous trading expedition to Punt
- Ramses IITermPharaoh who ruled for 66 years and built many monuments
- AkhenatenTermPharaoh who promoted worship of one sun disk, Aten
- NefertitiTermQueen and wife of Akhenaten, known for a famous bust
- Cleopatra VIITermLast active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt
- Ptolemaic DynastyTermGreek-speaking family that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great
- HieroglyphsTermEgyptian picture writing
- Rosetta StoneTermSlab with the same text in three scripts, which helped decode hieroglyphs
- Jean-Francois ChampollionTermFrench scholar who deciphered hieroglyphs in 1822
- PapyrusTermPaper-like writing material made from a river plant
- ScribeTermTrained writer who recorded information
- CartoucheTermOval ring around a royal name in hieroglyphs
- RaTermSun god, one of the most important Egyptian gods
- OsirisTermGod of the afterlife and rebirth
- IsisTermGoddess of magic and motherhood
- HorusTermSky god shown as a falcon
- AnubisTermJackal-headed god of embalming
- ThothTermGod of writing and wisdom
- HathorTermGoddess of music, joy and love
- BastetTermCat goddess
- AmunTermGod who became the king of gods in the New Kingdom
- Ma'atTermGoddess and idea of truth, balance and justice
- Temple of KarnakTermGiant temple complex in Thebes
- Abu SimbelTermTemples carved into a cliff by Ramses II
- ThebesTermImportant southern capital, now Luxor
- MemphisTermAncient capital near modern Cairo
- ObeliskTermTall four-sided stone pillar topped with a point
- InundationTermThe Nile's yearly flood
- SiltTermFine, rich soil left behind by the flood
- ShadufTermTool with a bucket on a pole used to lift water for fields
- IrrigationTermBringing water to crops by canals
- Emmer wheatTermAncient grain used to make bread
- LinenTermCloth made from flax, common in Egyptian clothing
- KohlTermDark eye makeup that also helped reduce glare
- SenetTermPopular Egyptian board game
- Cataracts of the NileTermRocky rapids that made some stretches hard to sail
- NubiaTermLand to Egypt's south, a trade partner and sometimes rival
- KushTermPowerful Nubian kingdom whose rulers once ruled Egypt
- HyksosTermForeign rulers who controlled northern Egypt around 1650 BCE
- ChariotTermLight two-wheeled cart pulled by horses, used in war
- Sea PeoplesTermGroups of raiders who troubled Mediterranean lands around 1200 BCE
- Alexander the GreatTermConquered Egypt in 332 BCE
- AlexandriaTermCity founded by Alexander; home of a famous library and lighthouse
- Pharos of AlexandriaTermGreat lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders
- Roman conquest of EgyptTermEgypt became part of the Roman Empire in 30 BCE
- Cat in EgyptTermCats were honored and protected
- DebenTermWeight unit used in trading goods
- BarterTermTrading goods without coins, as Egyptians often did
- Social pyramidTermPharaoh at the top, then nobles and priests, scribes, craftspeople, farmers
- SoldierTermArmy member; some became wealthy in the New Kingdom
- Peasant farmersTermMost people; worked the land and helped build monuments in the flood season
- Pyramid workersTermPaid, fed Egyptians who built the pyramids, not slaves as is commonly said
- AnkhTermSymbol meaning life
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