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Ancient Greece

City-states, democracy, philosophers, myths, the Olympics and Alexander the Great.

79 cardsGrades 3–5, Grades 6–8#greece#athens#sparta#democracy#olympics

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79 cards
  • PolisTerm
    A Greek city-state with its own government
  • AcropolisTerm
    High hill in a Greek city with temples; the Parthenon is on Athens's
  • ParthenonTerm
    Temple to Athena in Athens, built in the 400s BCE
  • AgoraTerm
    Open marketplace and meeting place
  • AthensTerm
    City-state known for democracy, art and learning
  • SpartaTerm
    City-state known for its strong military
  • DemocracyTerm
    Government by the people; began in Athens
  • CleisthenesTerm
    Athenian leader who set up reforms that began democracy, about 508 BCE
  • Citizen (Athens)Term
    Free adult male born to Athenian parents; women and enslaved people could not vote
  • AssemblyTerm
    Athenian meeting where citizens voted on laws
  • PericlesTerm
    Athenian leader in the Golden Age who sponsored the Parthenon
  • Golden Age of AthensTerm
    The 400s BCE, rich in art, theater and ideas
  • OligarchyTerm
    Rule by a few people, as in Sparta
  • TyrantTerm
    A ruler who took power without a legal right
  • HelotsTerm
    Enslaved people who farmed for Spartans
  • Spartan trainingTerm
    Boys left home around age seven to train in the military school called the agoge
  • Persian WarsTerm
    Greek city-states fought Persia from 499 to 449 BCE
  • Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)Term
    Athens defeated a Persian force
  • Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)Term
    300 Spartans and allies held a narrow pass against Persia
  • Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)Term
    Greek ships won a sea battle against Persia
  • Delian LeagueTerm
    Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens
  • Peloponnesian WarTerm
    War between Athens and Sparta, 431-404 BCE; Sparta won
  • SocratesTerm
    Philosopher who taught by asking questions
  • Socratic methodTerm
    Learning by asking and answering questions
  • PlatoTerm
    Student of Socrates who founded the Academy
  • AristotleTerm
    Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander; studied nearly every subject
  • PhilosophyTerm
    Greek for 'love of wisdom'
  • HippocratesTerm
    Physician called the father of medicine
  • EuclidTerm
    Mathematician who wrote Elements, a famous geometry book
  • PythagorasTerm
    Greek thinker famous for the relationship of the sides of right triangles
  • ArchimedesTerm
    Greek scientist and inventor from Syracuse who explained levers and buoyancy
  • HerodotusTerm
    Writer called the father of history
  • ThucydidesTerm
    Historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War
  • HomerTerm
    Poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey
  • IliadTerm
    Epic poem about the Trojan War
  • OdysseyTerm
    Epic poem about Odysseus's long trip home
  • Trojan HorseTerm
    Giant wooden horse in the myth used to enter Troy
  • AesopTerm
    Storyteller linked with fables like the Tortoise and the Hare
  • SophoclesTerm
    Playwright who wrote Oedipus Rex
  • Greek tragedyTerm
    Serious plays about heroes and their downfall
  • Greek comedyTerm
    Funny plays; Aristophanes was a famous writer
  • AmphitheaterTerm
    Open-air theater with seats in a curve
  • Olympic GamesTerm
    Contests held at Olympia every four years, starting in 776 BCE by tradition
  • OlympiaTerm
    Site of the ancient Olympic Games
  • Marathon (race)Term
    Named for a legendary run from Marathon to Athens
  • ZeusTerm
    King of the gods
  • HeraTerm
    Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage
  • PoseidonTerm
    God of the sea
  • HadesTerm
    God of the underworld
  • AthenaTerm
    Goddess of wisdom and crafts; patron of Athens
  • ApolloTerm
    God of music, light and healing
  • ArtemisTerm
    Goddess of the hunt and the Moon
  • AresTerm
    God of war
  • AphroditeTerm
    Goddess of love and beauty
  • HermesTerm
    Messenger of the gods
  • DemeterTerm
    Goddess of the harvest
  • DionysusTerm
    God of wine and theater
  • HephaestusTerm
    God of fire and metalwork
  • HerculesTerm
    Roman name for Heracles, a hero known for twelve labors
  • PerseusTerm
    Hero who defeated Medusa
  • Mount OlympusTerm
    Tallest mountain in Greece, home of the gods in myth
  • Oracle of DelphiTerm
    Priestess who gave advice thought to come from Apollo
  • MythTerm
    Traditional story about gods and heroes
  • HopliteTerm
    Greek foot soldier with shield and spear
  • PhalanxTerm
    Tight formation of soldiers with overlapping shields
  • TriremeTerm
    Greek warship with three rows of oars
  • Greek columnsTerm
    Doric, Ionic and Corinthian styles
  • AmphoraTerm
    Tall clay jar with two handles
  • AlphabetTerm
    Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels
  • Philip IITerm
    King of Macedonia who united Greece
  • Alexander the GreatTerm
    Philip's son who conquered Persia and reached India by 326 BCE
  • Hellenistic AgeTerm
    Era after Alexander when Greek culture spread across his lands
  • Alexandria (Egypt)Term
    City Alexander founded; later a center of learning
  • Library of AlexandriaTerm
    Famous ancient library in Egypt
  • Colossus of RhodesTerm
    Giant statue of the sun god, one of the Seven Wonders
  • Roman conquest of Greece (146 BCE)Term
    Rome took control of Greece
  • Women in AthensTerm
    Could not vote; most worked at home
  • Slavery in GreeceTerm
    Enslaved people did much of the labor in many city-states
  • OstracismTerm
    Vote to send a citizen away from Athens for ten years

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