Flashcards › History › World History

Ancient Rome

From a small city on the Tiber to the Republic and a vast empire, and what Rome left behind.

79 cardsGrades 3–5, Grades 6–8, Grades 9–12#rome#republic#empire#caesar

0 of 79 known
79 cards
  • RomeTerm
    City on the Tiber River in Italy that grew into a huge empire
  • Romulus and RemusTerm
    Twin brothers in legend who founded Rome in 753 BCE
  • Roman RepublicTerm
    Government with elected officials, from 509 BCE to 27 BCE
  • Roman EmpireTerm
    Rome ruled by emperors, beginning in 27 BCE
  • SenateTerm
    Council of powerful Romans who advised leaders and made laws
  • ConsulTerm
    One of two elected leaders of the Republic each year
  • PatriciansTerm
    Wealthy, noble Roman families
  • PlebeiansTerm
    Ordinary Roman citizens
  • TribuneTerm
    Official who protected the rights of plebeians
  • Twelve TablesTerm
    Rome's first written laws, about 450 BCE
  • Punic WarsTerm
    Three wars between Rome and Carthage, 264-146 BCE
  • CarthageTerm
    City in North Africa that rivaled Rome
  • HannibalTerm
    Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with war elephants
  • Scipio AfricanusTerm
    Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 BCE
  • Julius CaesarTerm
    General and leader who won Gaul and ruled Rome as dictator
  • Crossing the RubiconTerm
    Caesar's 49 BCE move into Italy with his army, starting a civil war
  • Ides of MarchTerm
    March 15, 44 BCE, when Caesar was killed by senators
  • Dictator (Rome)Term
    A leader given emergency power for a limited time
  • GaulTerm
    Roman name for lands in modern France
  • Mark AntonyTerm
    Roman general who allied with Cleopatra
  • AugustusTerm
    Rome's first emperor; formerly Octavian
  • OctavianTerm
    Caesar's adopted heir, who became Augustus
  • Pax RomanaTerm
    About 200 years of relative peace and prosperity, starting under Augustus
  • TiberiusTerm
    Augustus's successor, second emperor
  • NeroTerm
    Emperor during the Great Fire of Rome in 64 CE
  • TrajanTerm
    Emperor under whom the empire was largest, in 117 CE
  • HadrianTerm
    Emperor who built a wall across northern Britain
  • Marcus AureliusTerm
    Emperor and philosopher who wrote Meditations
  • ConstantineTerm
    Emperor who moved the capital to Constantinople and ended the persecution of Christians
  • ConstantinopleTerm
    New eastern capital, now Istanbul
  • DiocletianTerm
    Emperor who split rule of the empire for easier control
  • Fall of Rome (476 CE)Term
    Date often used for the end of the Western Roman Empire
  • Byzantine EmpireTerm
    Eastern Roman Empire that lasted until 1453
  • LatinTerm
    Language of Rome; parent of Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian
  • Roman numeralsTerm
    Number system using I, V, X, L, C, D and M
  • LegionTerm
    Main Roman army unit of about 5,000 soldiers
  • LegionaryTerm
    Roman soldier
  • CenturionTerm
    Officer in charge of about 80 soldiers
  • GladiusTerm
    Short sword used by Roman soldiers
  • TestudoTerm
    Formation where soldiers locked shields into a shell
  • Roman roadsTerm
    Paved roads that connected the empire; 'all roads lead to Rome'
  • AqueductTerm
    Bridge-like channel that carried water to cities
  • ArchTerm
    Curved structure the Romans used widely in buildings
  • ConcreteTerm
    Strong building material the Romans developed
  • ColosseumTerm
    Huge arena in Rome for public shows, finished in 80 CE
  • GladiatorTerm
    Fighter who entertained crowds in arenas
  • Circus MaximusTerm
    Large Roman racetrack for chariots
  • ForumTerm
    Public square and center of Roman life
  • PantheonTerm
    Roman temple with a famous domed roof, rebuilt around 126 CE
  • BathsTerm
    Public places to wash, relax and meet people
  • TogaTerm
    Draped garment worn by Roman citizens
  • VillaTerm
    Large country house of wealthy Romans
  • InsulaTerm
    Apartment building for ordinary city residents
  • Slavery in RomeTerm
    Millions of people were enslaved; many were prisoners of war
  • SpartacusTerm
    Gladiator who led a large slave revolt from 73 to 71 BCE
  • JupiterTerm
    King of the Roman gods
  • JunoTerm
    Queen of the gods
  • MarsTerm
    Roman god of war
  • VenusTerm
    Roman goddess of love
  • NeptuneTerm
    Roman god of the sea
  • MinervaTerm
    Roman goddess of wisdom
  • PompeiiTerm
    Roman city buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE
  • Mount VesuviusTerm
    Volcano near Naples that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum
  • Pliny the YoungerTerm
    Roman who wrote an eyewitness account of the Vesuvius eruption
  • VirgilTerm
    Poet who wrote the Aeneid
  • AeneidTerm
    Epic poem about Aeneas, a Trojan hero linked to Rome's founding
  • CiceroTerm
    Famous Roman speaker and writer
  • Christianity in RomeTerm
    Spread through the empire and became the official religion in 380 CE
  • Edict of Milan (313 CE)Term
    Declared tolerance for Christians
  • Roman lawTerm
    Basis for many modern legal ideas, such as being innocent until proven guilty
  • Republic's check and balanceTerm
    Two consuls could each veto the other
  • CitizenshipTerm
    Rome gradually extended citizenship to many conquered peoples
  • Mare NostrumTerm
    Latin for 'our sea', Rome's name for the Mediterranean
  • VisigothsTerm
    Germanic people who sacked Rome in 410 CE
  • Attila the HunTerm
    Leader of the Huns who threatened Rome in the 400s
  • Romulus AugustulusTerm
    Last emperor of the Western Roman Empire
  • Roman calendarTerm
    Julius Caesar introduced the 365-day Julian calendar in 45 BCE
  • Month namesTerm
    July is named for Julius Caesar and August for Augustus
  • Hadrian's WallTerm
    Defensive wall in northern England built from 122 CE

Download this deck

Want paper cards? Paste the plain-text download into the flashcard maker.

More World History decks