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Reconstruction and the Gilded Age

Rebuilding after the Civil War, then the age of big business, immigration, cities and reform (1865-1900).

79 cardsGrades 6–8, Grades 9–12#reconstruction#gilded age#industry#immigration

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79 cards
  • ReconstructionTerm or event
    The years after the Civil War (1865-1877) when the South was rebuilt and rejoined the Union
  • Freedmen's BureauTerm or event
    Agency that helped formerly enslaved people with food, schools and work
  • Black CodesTerm or event
    Southern laws that tried to limit the freedom of Black people after the war
  • Thirteenth AmendmentTerm or event
    Ended slavery in 1865
  • Fourteenth AmendmentTerm or event
    Gave citizenship and equal protection of the laws to people born in the US (1868)
  • Fifteenth AmendmentTerm or event
    Said the right to vote could not be denied because of race (1870)
  • Radical RepublicansTerm or event
    Congress members who wanted strong action to protect freed people
  • Andrew JohnsonTerm or event
    President who clashed with Congress and was impeached in 1868 but stayed in office
  • ImpeachmentTerm or event
    Formal charges against an official that the House brings; the Senate holds the trial
  • Civil Rights Act of 1866Term or event
    First federal law to define citizenship and equal rights for Black Americans
  • Reconstruction Acts (1867)Term or event
    Divided the South into military districts and set rules to rejoin the Union
  • Hiram RevelsTerm or event
    First Black US senator, from Mississippi, in 1870
  • CarpetbaggersTerm or event
    Name Southerners gave to Northerners who moved South after the war
  • ScalawagsTerm or event
    Name given to white Southerners who supported Reconstruction
  • SharecroppingTerm or event
    System where farmers worked land for a share of the crop, often falling into debt
  • Ku Klux KlanTerm or event
    Hate group formed in 1865 that used violence to stop Black Americans from voting
  • Enforcement ActsTerm or event
    Laws of 1870-71 to protect voting rights and fight the Klan
  • Compromise of 1877Term or event
    Deal that made Rutherford Hayes president and ended Reconstruction
  • Jim Crow lawsTerm or event
    Southern laws that separated people by race
  • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Term or event
    Supreme Court allowed 'separate but equal' public facilities
  • Historically Black collegesTerm or event
    Colleges like Howard and Fisk were founded to educate freed people
  • Booker T. WashingtonTerm or event
    Educator who founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
  • Gilded AgeTerm or event
    Period of great wealth for a few and hardship for many, roughly 1870s to 1900
  • Mark TwainTerm or event
    Author who named the era 'the Gilded Age' in a novel
  • IndustrializationTerm or event
    Growth of factories and machines making goods
  • Robber baronsTerm or event
    Critics' name for rich business owners accused of unfair practices
  • Andrew CarnegieTerm or event
    Steel tycoon who later gave away millions to build libraries
  • John D. RockefellerTerm or event
    Founder of Standard Oil, the largest oil company
  • J.P. MorganTerm or event
    Banker who financed and organized huge companies
  • Cornelius VanderbiltTerm or event
    Railroad and shipping tycoon
  • MonopolyTerm or event
    When one company controls an industry, leaving buyers little choice
  • TrustTerm or event
    A group of companies joined to control a market
  • Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)Term or event
    Law meant to stop monopolies
  • Laissez-faireTerm or event
    Idea that government should stay out of business
  • Thomas EdisonTerm or event
    Inventor of the practical light bulb and a research laboratory at Menlo Park
  • Alexander Graham BellTerm or event
    Patented the telephone in 1876
  • Bessemer processTerm or event
    Method for making steel cheaply and in large amounts
  • SkyscraperTerm or event
    Tall steel-frame building; first rose in Chicago in the 1880s
  • Electric streetcarTerm or event
    Let cities spread outward
  • UrbanizationTerm or event
    Growth of cities
  • TenementTerm or event
    Crowded city apartment building, often with poor light and air
  • Jacob RiisTerm or event
    Photographer who showed the crowded lives of poor people in New York
  • Jane AddamsTerm or event
    Founded Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants and the poor
  • Settlement houseTerm or event
    Community center in a poor neighborhood offering classes and care
  • Ellis IslandTerm or event
    New York immigration station that opened in 1892
  • Statue of LibertyTerm or event
    Gift from France, dedicated in 1886
  • Angel IslandTerm or event
    California immigration station that mostly processed Asian immigrants
  • NativismTerm or event
    Favoring native-born people over immigrants
  • Old immigrantsTerm or event
    Mostly from northern and western Europe
  • New immigrantsTerm or event
    Late 1800s arrivals from southern and eastern Europe, like Italy and Poland
  • Labor unionTerm or event
    A group of workers who join to ask for better pay and conditions
  • American Federation of LaborTerm or event
    Union group led by Samuel Gompers that organized skilled workers
  • Samuel GompersTerm or event
    Founding leader of the AFL
  • StrikeTerm or event
    Workers refusing to work until their demands are met
  • Haymarket Affair (1886)Term or event
    A Chicago labor rally ended in a bomb blast and deaths
  • Homestead Strike (1892)Term or event
    Steelworkers' strike in Pennsylvania against Carnegie Steel
  • Pullman Strike (1894)Term or event
    Railroad workers' strike that stopped trains across the nation
  • Eugene DebsTerm or event
    Leader of the American Railway Union during the Pullman Strike
  • Child laborTerm or event
    Children working in mines and factories, common before reform laws
  • Populist PartyTerm or event
    1890s farmers' party that wanted silver coins, regulation of railroads and an income tax
  • William Jennings BryanTerm or event
    Populist-backed candidate famous for the 'Cross of Gold' speech in 1896
  • Gold standardTerm or event
    Money system where paper money is tied to gold
  • Political machineTerm or event
    Organization that controlled a city's government, such as Tammany Hall
  • Boss TweedTerm or event
    Leader of Tammany Hall in New York, jailed for corruption
  • Spoils systemTerm or event
    Giving government jobs to supporters
  • Pendleton Act (1883)Term or event
    Created a civil service system where jobs go by merit
  • James GarfieldTerm or event
    Twentieth president, shot in 1881 by a man who wanted a government job
  • Interstate Commerce Act (1887)Term or event
    First law to regulate railroads
  • Spanish-American War (1898)Term or event
    War with Spain that gave the US Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines
  • USS MaineTerm or event
    Battleship that exploded in Havana harbor in 1898, increasing calls for war
  • Rough RidersTerm or event
    Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt in Cuba
  • Annexation of Hawaii (1898)Term or event
    The US took over the islands after Queen Liliuokalani was removed in 1893
  • Queen LiliuokalaniTerm or event
    Last queen of Hawaii
  • Alaska Purchase (1867)Term or event
    US bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
  • Seward's FollyTerm or event
    Critics' mocking name for the Alaska purchase
  • Progressive EraTerm or event
    Reform period from about 1890 to 1920
  • Ida B. WellsTerm or event
    Journalist who wrote against lynching and for justice
  • Susan B. AnthonyTerm or event
    Leader of the fight for women's right to vote
  • Centennial Exposition (1876)Term or event
    World's fair in Philadelphia marking 100 years of independence

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