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Islamic Civilization and the Golden Age

The rise of Islam, the caliphates, and the science, math and art of the Islamic Golden Age.

74 cardsGrades 6–8, Grades 9–12#islam#caliphate#baghdad#golden age

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74 cards
  • IslamTerm
    Monotheistic religion that began in Arabia in the 600s CE
  • MuslimTerm
    A follower of Islam
  • MuhammadTerm
    Prophet of Islam, born in Mecca around 570 CE
  • MeccaTerm
    Holy city in Arabia where Muhammad was born; the Kaaba is there
  • MedinaTerm
    City where Muhammad moved in 622 CE
  • HijraTerm
    The 622 journey from Mecca to Medina; Year 1 of the Islamic calendar
  • QuranTerm
    Holy book of Islam
  • AllahTerm
    Arabic word for God
  • Five Pillars of IslamTerm
    Faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage
  • ShahadaTerm
    Statement of faith
  • SalatTerm
    Prayer five times a day
  • ZakatTerm
    Giving to people in need
  • SawmTerm
    Fasting during the month of Ramadan
  • HajjTerm
    Pilgrimage to Mecca, expected once in a lifetime if able
  • RamadanTerm
    Ninth month of the Islamic calendar, a month of fasting
  • Eid al-FitrTerm
    Festival marking the end of Ramadan
  • MosqueTerm
    Muslim house of worship
  • MinaretTerm
    Tower of a mosque from which the call to prayer is given
  • CaliphTerm
    Successor to Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community
  • CaliphateTerm
    Government led by a caliph
  • RashidunTerm
    The first four caliphs after Muhammad
  • Umayyad CaliphateTerm
    661-750; capital at Damascus
  • Abbasid CaliphateTerm
    750-1258; capital at Baghdad
  • Sunni and ShiaTerm
    The two main branches of Islam, which differ over early leadership
  • DamascusTerm
    Umayyad capital in Syria
  • BaghdadTerm
    Founded in 762; the Abbasid capital and a center of learning
  • House of WisdomTerm
    Library and research center in Baghdad
  • Harun al-RashidTerm
    Famous Abbasid caliph, linked to Baghdad's glory
  • Al-Ma'munTerm
    Caliph who supported translation and science
  • Translation movementTerm
    Scholars translated Greek, Persian and Indian works into Arabic
  • Al-KhwarizmiTerm
    Mathematician whose name gave us the word algorithm
  • AlgebraTerm
    Name comes from al-jabr in al-Khwarizmi's book
  • Ibn al-HaythamTerm
    Pioneer of optics who explained how vision works
  • Al-RaziTerm
    Physician who wrote about measles and smallpox
  • Ibn Sina (Avicenna)Term
    Physician whose Canon of Medicine was used for centuries
  • Canon of MedicineTerm
    Ibn Sina's encyclopedia of medicine
  • Al-ZahrawiTerm
    Surgeon in Spain who wrote about surgical tools
  • Hospital (bimaristan)Term
    Public hospitals developed in Islamic cities
  • Al-BiruniTerm
    Scholar who studied astronomy, geography and many subjects
  • AstrolabeTerm
    Instrument used to find time and position of stars
  • AlgorithmTerm
    Step-by-step process for solving a problem; from al-Khwarizmi's name
  • Arabic numeralsTerm
    Digits we use today, passed on through Arab scholars from India
  • Al-IdrisiTerm
    Geographer who made a world map for a Norman king in 1154
  • Ibn KhaldunTerm
    Historian who wrote about the rise and fall of societies
  • Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Term
    Philosopher in Spain who wrote about Aristotle
  • RumiTerm
    Persian poet of the 1200s
  • One Thousand and One NightsTerm
    Collection of tales including Aladdin and Sinbad
  • Arabic calligraphyTerm
    Art of beautiful writing, important in Islamic art
  • Geometric patternsTerm
    Repeated shapes used to decorate buildings and tiles
  • ArabesqueTerm
    Flowing, plant-like decorative pattern
  • Al-AndalusTerm
    Muslim-ruled parts of Spain, 711-1492
  • CordobaTerm
    Capital of Al-Andalus with great libraries and a famous mosque
  • Great Mosque of CordobaTerm
    Spain's grand mosque with red-and-white arches
  • AlhambraTerm
    Palace-fortress in Granada, Spain
  • Dome of the RockTerm
    Shrine in Jerusalem finished in 691
  • Battle of Tours (732)Term
    Frankish victory that halted a Muslim advance into France
  • Seljuk TurksTerm
    Turkic dynasty that ruled much of the Middle East in the 1000s
  • Ottoman EmpireTerm
    Empire that lasted from about 1299 to 1922
  • Suleiman the MagnificentTerm
    Ottoman sultan in the 1500s
  • Mehmed IITerm
    Ottoman sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453
  • IstanbulTerm
    Name for Constantinople under the Ottomans
  • Safavid EmpireTerm
    Persian empire (1501-1736) that made Shia Islam the state religion
  • Mughal EmpireTerm
    Islamic empire in India from 1526
  • Mongol sack of Baghdad (1258)Term
    Ended the Abbasid caliphate
  • Silk RoadTerm
    Muslim merchants traveled along these trade routes
  • Spice tradeTerm
    Muslim traders carried spices from Asia to Europe
  • Paper-makingTerm
    Skills reached the Islamic world from China and spread to Europe
  • Sugar and cottonTerm
    Crops spread by Muslim farmers across the Mediterranean
  • CoffeeTerm
    Became popular in the Islamic world by the 1400s
  • Waterwheel and irrigationTerm
    Islamic engineers improved ways to lift and spread water
  • Al-JazariTerm
    Engineer who wrote a book of ingenious machines in 1206
  • Fatima al-FihriTerm
    Founded al-Qarawiyyin in Fez in 859, often called the oldest degree-granting university
  • Mansa MusaTerm
    Muslim king of Mali famous for his pilgrimage in 1324
  • Ibn BattutaTerm
    Traveled about 75,000 miles across the Muslim world in the 1300s

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