Flashcards › History › World History
The Renaissance and Reformation
Rebirth of art and learning in Europe, the printing press and the Protestant Reformation.
0 of 74 known
74 cards
- RenaissanceTerm or personFrench for 'rebirth'; era of new interest in art and learning in Europe, about 1300-1600
- Where it beganTerm or personItaly, in rich trading city-states like Florence
- FlorenceTerm or personItalian city where the Renaissance flowered
- Medici familyTerm or personRich Florence bankers who paid for many artists
- Lorenzo de' MediciTerm or personFlorentine ruler called the Magnificent, patron of artists
- PatronTerm or personPerson who gives money to support an artist
- HumanismTerm or personFocus on human abilities and the study of classical texts
- PetrarchTerm or personItalian scholar called the father of humanism
- Classical learningTerm or personStudy of ancient Greece and Rome
- Leonardo da VinciTerm or personPainter, inventor and scientist who painted the Mona Lisa
- Mona LisaTerm or personFamous portrait by Leonardo, now in the Louvre
- The Last SupperTerm or personLeonardo's wall painting in Milan
- MichelangeloTerm or personArtist who sculpted David and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling
- David (statue)Term or personMichelangelo's marble sculpture finished in 1504
- Sistine ChapelTerm or personChapel in the Vatican with Michelangelo's ceiling paintings
- RaphaelTerm or personPainter known for harmony, including The School of Athens
- BotticelliTerm or personPainter of The Birth of Venus
- DonatelloTerm or personSculptor who revived lifelike statues
- BrunelleschiTerm or personArchitect who built the dome of Florence Cathedral
- PerspectiveTerm or personTechnique that makes flat paintings look three-dimensional
- RealismTerm or personShowing people and nature as they look
- FrescoTerm or personPainting on wet plaster
- SfumatoTerm or personSoft blending of tones used by Leonardo
- Artemisia GentileschiTerm or personEarly Baroque painter, one of the first women to gain fame in Europe
- Sofonisba AnguissolaTerm or personItalian portrait painter who became a court painter in Spain
- Northern RenaissanceTerm or personMovement in northern Europe including Flanders and Germany
- Jan van EyckTerm or personFlemish painter who used oil paints in detailed scenes
- Albrecht DurerTerm or personGerman artist famous for woodcuts and engravings
- Pieter BruegelTerm or personFlemish painter of village life
- Johannes GutenbergTerm or personIntroduced movable-type printing in Europe around 1450
- Printing pressTerm or personMachine that made books cheaper and spread ideas fast
- Gutenberg BibleTerm or personFirst major book printed with movable type in Europe
- LiteracyTerm or personMore people learned to read once books were cheaper
- William ShakespeareTerm or personEnglish playwright, 1564-1616
- HamletTerm or personA Shakespeare tragedy about a Danish prince
- Globe TheatreTerm or personLondon playhouse where many Shakespeare plays were staged
- Miguel de CervantesTerm or personSpanish author of Don Quixote
- MachiavelliTerm or personItalian writer of The Prince, about power
- Thomas MoreTerm or personEnglish writer of Utopia
- ErasmusTerm or personDutch scholar who urged church reform and good education
- CopernicusTerm or personProposed in 1543 that Earth moves around the Sun
- GalileoTerm or personUsed a telescope to observe moons of Jupiter and supported the Sun-centered view
- Johannes KeplerTerm or personDescribed planets' elliptical orbits
- VesaliusTerm or personAnatomist who wrote an accurate book on the human body in 1543
- Scientific RevolutionTerm or personEra when new ways of studying nature using observation and experiments grew
- ReformationTerm or person16th-century movement to reform the Catholic Church, leading to Protestant churches
- Martin LutherTerm or personGerman monk who began the Reformation in 1517
- 95 ThesesTerm or personLuther's list of complaints about church practices, 1517
- IndulgenceTerm or personChurch-granted forgiveness of penalties for sin, which Luther criticized
- ProtestantTerm or personChristians who left the Catholic Church in the Reformation
- LutheranismTerm or personChurch that followed Luther's teachings
- John CalvinTerm or personFrench reformer who worked in Geneva
- Henry VIIITerm or personEnglish king who broke with Rome and formed the Church of England
- Church of EnglandTerm or personCreated in the 1530s with the king as its head
- Elizabeth ITerm or personEnglish queen from 1558 to 1603; her era saw the defeat of the Spanish Armada
- Spanish Armada (1588)Term or personFailed Spanish invasion fleet defeated by England
- Counter-ReformationTerm or personCatholic Church's reforms in response to the Protestant movement
- Council of TrentTerm or personChurch meeting (1545-1563) that set out Catholic reforms
- JesuitsTerm or personCatholic order founded by Ignatius of Loyola, known for education
- Peace of Augsburg (1555)Term or personLet German princes choose Lutheranism or Catholicism for their lands
- Thirty Years' WarTerm or person1618-1648 conflict in Europe, partly over religion
- Peace of Westphalia (1648)Term or personEnded the Thirty Years' War
- VernacularTerm or personEveryday language of a region; Luther translated the Bible into German
- SecularTerm or personNot tied to religion
- BankingTerm or personRenaissance banks in Italy helped trade and travel
- Merchant classTerm or personBusiness people who gained wealth and influence
- City-stateTerm or personCity and nearby land with its own rule, as in Italy
- VeniceTerm or personWealthy trading city built on islands
- Chaucer vs DanteTerm or personDante wrote in Italian; Chaucer in English, helping vernacular writing
- Medici BankTerm or personLed the way in Renaissance banking
- Cathedral of FlorenceTerm or personTopped by Brunelleschi's dome
- Vitruvian ManTerm or personLeonardo's drawing of the ideal proportions of a man
- AnatomyTerm or personStudy of the body; artists studied it to paint lifelike figures
- Elizabethan AgeTerm or personPeriod of Queen Elizabeth I when English arts flourished
Download this deck
- CSVExcel, Google Sheets, Numbers
- Anki / Quizlet (tab-separated)Import straight into Anki or Quizlet
- JSONFor programmers and apps
- Plain textOne card a line, “front : back”, ready for Peabody's flashcard maker to print
Want paper cards? Paste the plain-text download into the flashcard maker.