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Life Processes and Evolution

Photosynthesis, respiration, the traits of life and natural selection.

69 cardsGrades 6–8, Grades 9–12#photosynthesis#respiration#evolution

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  • Characteristics of living thingsTerm
    They grow, reproduce, use energy, respond to surroundings and are made of cells
  • PhotosynthesisTerm
    Making sugar from light, water and carbon dioxide
  • Photosynthesis equation (words)Term
    Carbon dioxide + water + light gives glucose + oxygen
  • Photosynthesis equation (formula)Term
    6CO2 + 6H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6O2
  • Where does photosynthesis happen?Term
    In chloroplasts
  • Light-dependent reactionsTerm
    Capture light energy; happen in the thylakoids
  • Calvin cycleTerm
    Uses energy to build sugar from carbon dioxide; happens in the stroma
  • Cellular respirationTerm
    Breaking down glucose to release energy
  • Cellular respiration equation (words)Term
    Glucose + oxygen gives carbon dioxide + water + energy
  • Where does cellular respiration happen?Term
    Mostly in mitochondria
  • GlycolysisTerm
    The first step of respiration, splitting glucose in the cytoplasm
  • Aerobic respirationTerm
    Respiration that uses oxygen
  • Anaerobic respirationTerm
    Releasing energy without oxygen
  • FermentationTerm
    Anaerobic energy release that makes lactic acid or alcohol
  • ATPTerm
    The energy currency molecule of cells
  • AutotrophTerm
    Makes its own food
  • HeterotrophTerm
    Gets food from other organisms
  • ProducerTerm
    An autotroph at the base of a food chain
  • DigestionTerm
    Breaking food into small pieces the body can absorb
  • ExcretionTerm
    Removing wastes from the body
  • Respiration vs breathingTerm
    Breathing moves air; respiration releases energy in cells
  • HomeostasisTerm
    Keeping a stable internal environment
  • MetabolismTerm
    All chemical reactions in an organism
  • ReproductionTerm
    Making new organisms
  • Asexual reproductionTerm
    One parent makes identical offspring
  • Sexual reproductionTerm
    Two parents' cells combine to make varied offspring
  • BuddingTerm
    A new organism grows out of the parent, as in yeast and hydra
  • Binary fissionTerm
    A cell splits in two, as in bacteria
  • RegenerationTerm
    Regrowing lost parts, as a starfish does
  • StimulusTerm
    Something that causes a reaction
  • ResponseTerm
    A reaction to a stimulus
  • GrowthTerm
    Increase in size and cell number
  • DevelopmentTerm
    Changes an organism goes through in its life
  • EvolutionTerm
    Change in the traits of a population over generations
  • Natural selectionTerm
    Organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
  • Who wrote On the Origin of Species in 1859?Term
    Charles Darwin
  • Where did Darwin study finches?Term
    The Galapagos Islands
  • Survival of the fittestTerm
    Those best suited to their environment tend to leave more offspring
  • VariationTerm
    Differences among individuals
  • InheritanceTerm
    Passing traits to offspring
  • AdaptationTerm
    A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
  • Selective breedingTerm
    People choosing which animals or plants to breed
  • Artificial selectionTerm
    Another name for selective breeding
  • Fossil recordTerm
    Fossils showing how life has changed over time
  • Common ancestorTerm
    A shared ancestor of different species
  • Homologous structuresTerm
    Parts of different species with similar bones, like a human arm and a whale flipper
  • Vestigial structureTerm
    A body part that has lost most of its function
  • SpeciationTerm
    Formation of a new species
  • ExtinctionTerm
    Death of an entire species
  • Mass extinctionTerm
    Many species die out in a short geologic time
  • Peppered mothTerm
    An example of natural selection in changing environments
  • Antibiotic resistanceTerm
    Bacteria evolving to survive antibiotics
  • Gene poolTerm
    All the alleles in a population
  • MutationTerm
    A change in DNA that may create new traits
  • Genetic driftTerm
    Chance changes in allele frequency, especially in small populations
  • Geologic time scaleTerm
    A calendar of Earth's history in eras and periods
  • Age of EarthTerm
    About 4.5 billion years
  • Oldest known fossils of life, aboutTerm
    3.5 billion years old
  • Cambrian explosionTerm
    About 540 million years ago, when many animal groups appeared
  • Human origin regionTerm
    Africa
  • Homo sapiensTerm
    The species of modern humans
  • LucyTerm
    A famous Australopithecus fossil found in Ethiopia in 1974
  • HomininTerm
    A human or humanlike relative
  • Transitional fossilTerm
    A fossil showing features of two groups
  • ArchaeopteryxTerm
    A fossil with features of dinosaurs and birds
  • TiktaalikTerm
    A fossil fish with limb-like fins, about 375 million years old
  • Evolution of whalesTerm
    Whales came from land mammals with legs
  • CoevolutionTerm
    Two species evolving in response to each other
  • Convergent evolutionTerm
    Unrelated species evolve similar traits, as in sharks and dolphins

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