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Parts of a Cell
The organelles of cells and what each one does.
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- CellPartThe basic unit of all living things
- NucleusPartHolds the DNA and controls the cell's activities
- NucleolusPartInside the nucleus; makes parts of ribosomes
- Nuclear envelopePartDouble membrane that surrounds the nucleus
- Cell membranePartThin outer layer that controls what enters and leaves
- Cell wallPartRigid outer layer that supports plant, fungus and bacteria cells
- CytoplasmPartJelly-like fluid that fills the cell
- CytosolPartThe liquid part of the cytoplasm
- MitochondrionPartReleases energy from foodThe powerhouse of the cell
- ChloroplastPartWhere plants make food by photosynthesis
- RibosomePartBuilds proteins
- Rough endoplasmic reticulumPartFolded membranes covered in ribosomes; makes proteins
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulumPartMakes lipids and helps remove toxins
- Golgi apparatusPartPackages and ships proteins and lipidsLike the post office
- VacuolePartStorage sac for water, food and waste
- Central vacuolePartLarge water-filled sac in plant cells that gives support
- LysosomePartContains enzymes that break down waste and old parts
- VesiclePartSmall sac that moves materials inside the cell
- CytoskeletonPartNetwork of fibers that gives shape and helps movement
- CentriolePartHelps organize cell division in animal cells
- FlagellumPartWhip-like tail that helps a cell swim
- CiliaPartShort hair-like structures that move fluid or the cell
- PseudopodPartA temporary arm-like extension, as in amoeba
- PlasmidPartA small ring of DNA in bacteria
- ChromosomePartA coiled package of DNA
- ChromatinPartDNA and proteins in the nucleus when the cell is not dividing
- PeroxisomePartBreaks down fats and harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide
- ThylakoidPartDisk-like membranes in chloroplasts where light is captured
- StromaPartFluid inside chloroplasts where sugar is built
- CristaePartFolds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
- ProkaryotePartA cell without a nucleus, like bacteria
- EukaryotePartA cell with a nucleus and organelles
- Do animal cells have cell walls?PartNo
- Do plant cells have chloroplasts?PartYes
- Do animal cells have chloroplasts?PartNo
- OrganellePartA tiny structure inside a cell with a specific job
- TissuePartA group of similar cells working together
- OrganPartA group of tissues working together
- Organ systemPartA group of organs working together
- OrganismPartA whole living thing
- UnicellularPartMade of just one cell
- MulticellularPartMade of many cells
- Cell theory: first ideaPartAll living things are made of one or more cells
- Cell theory: second ideaPartThe cell is the basic unit of life
- Cell theory: third ideaPartAll cells come from other cells
- Who first named cells in 1665?PartRobert Hooke, looking at cork
- Who first saw living microbes with a microscope?PartAntonie van Leeuwenhoek
- Selectively permeablePartLets some things through the membrane but not others
- Phospholipid bilayerPartThe double layer of fat molecules that makes up a membrane
- DiffusionPartParticles moving from crowded to less crowded areas
- OsmosisPartDiffusion of water across a membrane
- Active transportPartMoving materials across a membrane using energy
- Passive transportPartMoving materials across a membrane without energy
- EndocytosisPartThe cell takes material in by wrapping the membrane around it
- ExocytosisPartThe cell sends material out in vesicles
- MitosisPartCell division that makes two identical cells
- CytokinesisPartThe splitting of the cytoplasm at the end of cell division
- MeiosisPartCell division that makes sex cells with half the chromosomes
- Cell cyclePartThe life of a cell from one division to the next
- Stem cellPartA cell that can become many different types of cells
- Red blood cellPartCarries oxygen in blood and has no nucleus
- White blood cellPartHelps the body fight germs
- NeuronPartA nerve cell that carries signals
- Guard cellsPartPairs of plant cells that open and close stomata
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