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Microbes and Germs
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists and how the body fights germs.
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- MicroorganismTermA living thing too small to see without a microscope
- BacteriaTermSingle-celled organisms with no nucleus; some are helpful, some cause disease
- VirusTermA tiny particle that needs a host cell to reproduce
- Is a virus alive?TermScientists usually say no; it cannot reproduce on its own
- FungusTermAn organism that absorbs nutrients, like mold or yeast
- YeastTermA single-celled fungus used in baking
- MoldTermA fuzzy fungus that grows on food and damp places
- MushroomTermThe fruiting body of some fungi
- ProtistTermA mostly single-celled eukaryote, like an amoeba
- AmoebaTermA protist that moves with pseudopods
- ParameciumTermA slipper-shaped protist covered in cilia
- EuglenaTermA protist that can make food and swim with a flagellum
- AlgaeTermSimple organisms that make food from sunlight, found in water
- PlanktonTermTiny organisms that drift in water
- PhytoplanktonTermPlant-like plankton that make food from sunlight
- ZooplanktonTermAnimal-like plankton
- PathogenTermA germ that causes disease
- InfectionTermWhen germs enter the body and multiply
- AntibioticTermMedicine that kills bacteria
- Do antibiotics work on viruses?TermNo
- VaccineTermPrepares the body to fight a specific germ
- AntibodyTermA protein the body makes to attack a germ
- ImmunityTermThe body's ability to resist a disease
- ContagiousTermAble to spread from one person to another
- QuarantineTermKeeping sick people apart to stop disease from spreading
- SterilizeTermKill all microbes on an object
- PasteurizationTermHeating a food to kill harmful germs
- Who developed pasteurization and early vaccines?TermLouis Pasteur
- Who discovered penicillin in 1928?TermAlexander Fleming
- Who first built a smallpox vaccine in 1796?TermEdward Jenner
- Germ theoryTermThe idea that microbes cause many diseases
- FermentationTermMicrobes turning sugars into other substances, as in bread and yogurt
- ProbioticTermHelpful bacteria that live in the gut and some foods
- Gut bacteriaTermHelpful microbes in the intestines that help digest food
- DecomposersTermMicrobes and fungi that break down dead things
- Binary fissionTermHow bacteria reproduce by splitting in two
- CapsidTermThe protein coat of a virus
- HostTermAn organism a germ or parasite lives in or on
- ParasiteTermAn organism that lives on or in another and harms it
- TapewormTermA parasite that lives in intestines
- TickTermA tiny arachnid that can carry germs
- Mosquito-borne disease: malariaTermCaused by a parasite spread by mosquitoes
- Strep throatTermAn illness caused by bacteria
- Common coldTermAn illness caused by viruses
- InfluenzaTermThe flu, caused by a virus
- Athlete's footTermA skin infection caused by a fungus
- Why wash hands?TermSoap lifts germs off the skin so they rinse away
- How should you cover a cough?TermInto your elbow or a tissue
- Petri dishTermDish used to grow microbes in labs
- AgarTermJelly-like food used to grow microbes in a dish
- ColonyTermA visible group of microbes grown from one cell
- SpirillumTermA spiral-shaped bacterium
- BacillusTermA rod-shaped bacterium
- CoccusTermA round bacterium
- LichenTermA partnership between a fungus and an alga
- MycorrhizaTermA partnership between fungus and plant roots
- PenicilliumTermA mold that gave us the first antibiotic
- Flagellum on bacteriaTermA whip-like tail used to swim
- SporeTermA tough cell that survives bad conditions and can grow later
- EndosporeTermA hardy dormant form made by some bacteria
- EpidemicTermA disease that spreads quickly in a community
- PandemicTermA disease that spreads across many countries
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